By
Shubham Sunil Malu

ABSTRACT
Piles are structures used to transfer loads from superstructure to the sub surface strata. When the subsurface stratum is water based or if we deal with a hydraulic structure, the piles are to be driven into water and under water strata. Piles used in underwater structures are often subjected to corrosion. There is no absolute way to eliminate all corrosion; but corrosion protection measures are employed to control the effect of corrosion. Corrosion protection can be in different ways according to the environment and other factors. Forms of corrosion protection include the use of inhibitors, surface treatments, coatings and sealants, cathode protection and anode protection. The control measures explained in this are Protective coatings, cathode treatment and application of Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Composites.

CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION
Corrosion is the destruction of metals and alloys by the chemical reaction with the environment. During corrosion the metals are converted to metallic compounds at the surface and these compounds wears away as corrosion product. Hence corrosion may be regarded as the reverse process of extraction of metals from ore.

Continue Reading »

By
Shubham Sunil Malu

ABSTRACT
Suspension means to suspend something as system of spring and shock absorbers which supports vehicles on its wheels and make it more comfortable to write. In likely suspended bridge is a bridge which is suspended from cables running between the towers. We have discussed here how the bridge works and the force accounted in the bridge due to various load acting on it like wind, water, moving vehicles.
Here we discus the construction sequence in suspension bridge & have discussed the disaster in Tacoma narrow bridge in detail.

1.0 INTRODUCTION
“Suspension bridge is one where cables or ropes or chains are stung across the obstacle & the deck is suspended from these cables”

Anatomy of a Bridge

Deck –  For pedestrian, train, and / or automobile traffic.
Supports – The towers are the supports.
Span – Describes the distance between towers.
Foundations – The supports rest on the foundations.
Approaches – The approaches are the roads leading up to the bridge.
Long wire cables – are strung over the towers and secured to the anchors on land.
Hangers – run from the cables to the deck hold it up.

Continue Reading »

By
Anubhab Panigrahi

ABSTRACT
With the development of materials and technology, many new materials find their applications in civil engineering to deal with the deteriorating infrastructure. Smart material is a promising example that deserves a wide focus, from research to application. With two crystal structures called Austenite and Martensite under different temperatures, smart material exhibits two special properties different from ordinary steels. One is shape memory, and the other is super-elasticity. Both of these two properties can suit varied applications in civil engineering, such as prestress bars, self-rehabilitation, and two-way actuators, etc.

One of the main objectives of the research is to investigate the application of smart materials in civil engineering by focusing on the literature review, basic information collection, and basic mechanic properties of smart materials. In axial tension tests, the force- extension curve and stress-strain curve of shape memory and superelasticity materials were measured separately. These curves verify the research of forerunners.

Four beam experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of flexure beams with superelasticity material as reinforcement bars. Load-displacement relationship at the midspan, strains on the surface of the concrete beam, and cracking width for different loads were measured.

This research is just the first step in the investigation of the application of smart materials in structural engineering. Some bigger beams are prepared for experiments in the near future.
Continue Reading »

By
Vijayvenkatesh Chandrasekaran
Final year student, Department of Civil Engineering, St. Josephs college of engineering & technology, Thanjavur, India.

ABSTRACT:
Marble powder is one of the most active research areas that encompass a number of disciplines including civil engineering and construction materials. The marble industry inevitably produces wastes, irrespective of the improvements introduced in manufacturing processes. In the marble industry, about 50 to 60% production waste. These waste create many environmental dust problems in now a day to day society. In requiring a suitable form of management in order to achieve sustainable development. In this paper explained about the behavior of concrete with partial replacement of cement with added percentage values of marble powder and attain required strength. Partial replacement of marble powder in cement accordingly in the range of 20%, 30%, 40%, by weight for M20 grade of concrete. With this experimental research work the problem of waste production management of this agro waste are will be solved. It analyzed the research work the compressive strength, flextural strength, split tensile strength values at 7, 14, 28 day. The test results show that the compressive strength, split-tensile strength and flexural strengths are achieved up to 30% to 40% replacement of cement with marble powder without affecting the characteristic strength of M20(1:1.5:3) grade concrete.

KEYWORDS: Cement (53 grade), Marble powder, Fine aggregate (M-sand), Coarse aggregate (20mm size).

Continue Reading »

Guided By: Mr. Anil Kumar Suman
Submitted By: Rashmi Sahu
Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekanand Technical University
Bhilai (C.G.), India
Shri Shankaracharya Technical Campus
Ssgi-bhilai (C.G)

CHAPTER – 01- INTRODUCTION
1.1 GENERAL –
Red Mud is a hazardous waste generated in the Bayer process Alumina production (AL₂O₃) from Bauxite ore which contains high levels residual alkalinity and toxic heavy metal. Therefore, Red Mud is a hazardous waste of Alumina Industry. The volume of Red Mud which generated in the alumina processing plant depends on the quality of crude Bauxite ore, may be greater than the volume of alumina 1-1.5 times. The alumina processing plant usually disposes liquid Red Mud into reservoirs, which cause the risk of major environment pollution for lowland. The particle dimension of red mud usually less than 1mm . Therefore, dry red mud easy spread into the air and causes dust pollution. It is often exposured to dust cause skin and eyes diseases. Red mud in an liquid state causes harmful effect to human skin. Composition and properties of red mud in the world have been presented by many researchers in their publications.

Fly Ash is a byproduct of coal-fired electric generating plants. The coal is pulverized and blown into burning chamber for immediate combustion. Heavier ash particle (Bottom Ash or Slag) fall to the bottom burning chamber and the lighter ash (fly ash) fly out with exhaust gas, thus the term fly ash. Before leaving the stack, these fly ash particle are removed and collected by electrostatic precipitation, bag houses or other methods.

Continue Reading »