Project Reports

By
Dhawal Desai
IIT Bombay

ABSTRACT
This paper deals with the development of two types of lightweight concrete the one using lightweight aggregate (Pumice stone) and the other water floating type using Aluminium powder as an air entraining agent. This also shows the importance of water/cement ratio as in first type of concrete it relates to the smoothness of the surface and in second one it is a major factor which controls the expansion of concrete.

INTRODUCTION:
Lightweight concrete can be defined as a type of concrete which includes an expanding agent in it that increases the volume of the mixture while reducing the dead weight. It is lighter than the conventional concrete with a dry density of 300 kg/m³ up to 1840 kg/m³. The main specialties of lightweight concrete are its low density and low thermal conductivity.
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By
Dhawal Desai

ABSTRACT
This paper describes the effect of size of aggregates and proportions of cement, aggregates, admixture and water on porosity of Pervious concrete which is the main feature of pervious concrete. Different sample blocks were made in lab with variations in mixture to see the porosity for final conclusion

INTRODUCTION
Pervious concrete is a type of concrete with high porosity. It is used for concrete flatwork applications that allow water to pass directly through it, thereby reducing the runoff from a site and allowing groundwater recharge. The high porosity is attained by a highly interconnected void content. Typically pervious concrete has water to cementitious materials ratio (w/cm) of 0.28 to 0.40 with a void content of 18 to 35%.
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By H. H. M. Darweesh*, A. H. Abdel-kader2** and M. G. El-Meligy3**

Contact information: *Refractories, Ceramics and Building Materials Dept., 2**Taif University, Chemistry dept.,2, 3**Cellulose and Paper Dept. National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.

The pulp black liquor waste (PBL), a byproduct from paper-making, is applied as a cement admixture in two types of cement, namely Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and Portland limestone cement (LPC). The results showed that the water of consistency of cement pastes premixed with PBL was gradually increased with the concentration of PBL while the setting times (initial and final) were decreased. So, it can be used as an accelerator. The compressive strength increased slightly during the early ages of hydration but sharply during the later ages, particularly with those premixed with PBL. The combined water content and bulk density displayed the same trend as the compressive strength, whilst the apparent porosity decreased at all curing times. The IR spectra of cement pastes showed that the intensities of the different peaks of cement pastes with PBL are higher than those of the pure samples. The SEM images proved that the incorporation of PBL with cement did not affect the chemical composition of OPC or LPC hydrates, but it only affected the physical state, shape, size, morphology and crystallinity of the formed hydrates. The 2 wt. % of PBL is the optimum concentration.

Keywords:
PBL, OPC, LPC, combined water, bulk density, porosity, Strength, IR, SEM.
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By
Kishor Sambhaji Sable (Faculty, Civil Engineering Department, Amrutvahini College of Engineering, Sangamner, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India)

Mehetre Amol Jagganath (Faculty, Civil Engineering Department, Amrutvahini College of Engineering, Sangamner, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India)

Abstract:
In this modern age, civil engineering constructions have their own structural and durability requirements. Fiber Reinforced Concrete (FRC) is a composite material made primarily from hydraulic cements, aggregates and discrete reinforcing fibers. Fiber incorporation in concrete, mortar and cement paste enhances many of the engineering properties of these materials such as fracture toughness, flexural strength, resistance to fatigue, impact, thermal shock and spalling.

The SFRC is a composite material made of cement, fine and coarse aggregates and discontinuous discrete steel fibers. Recently developed an analytical model to predict the shear, torsional strength and bending torsion behavior of fiber reinforced concrete beam with experimental substantiation. However, very little work has been reported in combined torsion and shear. Similarly to beam with conversional reinforcement, the presence of shear may significance influence on torsional strength of fiber concrete beams. Present paper investigates the mechanical properties like as shear strength, and torsion strength of concrete with different types of steel fiber with constant volume fractions and different aspect ratio.

Key words: Aspect ratio, Fatigue, Flexural strength, Fracture toughness, Mechanical properties, Spalling, Volume fraction.
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By
Kaushal kishore
Materials Engineer, Roorkee

The scarcity and availability at reasonable rates of sand and aggregate are now giving anxiety to the construction industry. Over years, deforestation and extraction of natural aggregates from river beds, lakes and other water bodies have resulted in huge environmental problems. Erosion of the existing topography usually results in flooding and landslides. Moreover, the filtration of rain water achieved by deposits of natural sand is being lost, thereby causing contamination of water reserves used for human consumption. Hence, to prevent pollution authorities are imposing more and more stringent restrictions on the extraction of natural aggregates and its crushing. The best way to overcome this problem is to find alternate aggregates for construction in place of conventional natural aggregates. Rubber aggregates from discarded tyre rubber in sizes 20-10 mm, 10-4.75 mm and 4.75 mm down can be partially replaced natural aggregates in cement concrete construction.

About one crore 10 lakhs all types of new vehicles are added each year to the Indian roads. The increase of about three crores discarded tyres each year pose a potential threat to the environment. New tyre is made of natural rubber (also called virgin rubber), styrene-Butadien Rubber (SBR), Polybutadienc Rubber (PBR), Carbon black, Nylon tyre cord, rubber chemicals, steel tyre card and Butyl rubber.
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By
Ms. Chinkal Patel – M.E. Chemical, GCPC , Gandhinagar
Prof. Rupande Desai – Asst. Professor of Rubber Technology, L. D. College of Engineering, Ahmedabad
Dr. P. J. Gundaliya – Asst. Professor of Civil Engineering, L. D. College of Engineering, Ahmedabad

ABSTRCT
In the Past, bitumen was used to waterproof roofs. The roof crack reflected through to the surface of each successive bitumen patch. The cracking problem solve if incorporated rubber in next round of patching. Roofing is a past or we also say that present waterproof barrier of environment & Human Effectiveness.

The primary reason for using bituminous rubber is that it provides significantly improved engineering properties over conventional grade bitumen.
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By
Kaushal Kishore
Materials Engineer
Roorkee

INTRODUCTION:
SCREENERS companies near Dehradun and elsewhere have set up highly sophisticated as well as, eco-friendly screening and washing plants for the production of uncrushed (Shingle) coarse aggregates and coarse sand direct from river bed. These plants are producing and supplying uncrushed (Shingle) aggregates of sizes 40 mm, 20 mm, 12.5 mm and river coarse sand, which complies to the specifications of
IS : 383-19702.

Our construction sites, particularly Govt. Departments hesitates in the use of uncrushed coarse aggregate as so far they are being supplied to them direct from river bed or by manual sieving without washing them with water. Thus neither they are clean nor properly graded. This draw back is not with the uncrushed aggregates produces and supplied from SCREENERS modern plants with regular quality control. In this booklet the readers will find that when quality uncrushed aggregates are available not only economically but locally, our construction sites particularly Govt. Departments should not hesitate in the use of uncrushed aggregates from the river bed and save our environment, as crusher generate pollution. Further in all the Civil Engineering Codes uncrushed aggregates from river bed has been specified to be used in our all Civil Engineering Construction.
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By
Korukonda Vinay

Abstract
This paper describes the results of a ground water potentiality assessment and its importance in the field of trenchless technology. Water plays a vital role in the development as well as for depletion of any activity in the area . Thus, the availability of surface and ground water governs the process of planning & development of any activity. The surface water resources are inadequate to fulfill the water demand. Productivity through groundwater is quite high as compared to surface water, but groundwater resources have not yet been properly developed through exploration. Keeping this in view, the present study attempts to identify and understand groundwater potential zones of the study area using GIS. The methodology includes the construction of groundwater potentiality map using Geographical Information System (GIS) to protect the groundwater resources in the study area and to formulate recommendations to reduce the water scarcity. The ground water potentiality of the area has been assessed through integration of the relevant layers which include geomorphology, geology, slope and land use/ land cover, in ArcGIS environment. Criteria for GIS analysis have been defined on the basis of ground water conditions and appropriate weightage has been assigned to each information layer according to relative contribution towards the desired output. The ground water potential zones map generated through this model was verified with the yield data to ascertain the validity of the model developed and to find its corresponding influence in the subsurface constructions.
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By
Naveen G.M ¹, Vinay Kumar B.M²
1. Lecturer, Dept. of civil Engg, V.V.I.E.T, Mysore.
2. Lecturer, Dept. of civil Engg, V.V.I.E.T, Mysore.

Abstract
Sound comes from the vibrations in molecules, and is always traveling through a substance, whether it is a solid, liquid, or gas. Sound cannot travel through a vacuum because there are no molecules for the sound to travel through. Noise pollution (or environmental noise) is displeasing human-, animal- or machine-created sound that disrupts the activity or balance of human or animal life. A common form of noise pollution is from transportation, principally motor vehicles. Noise health effects are both health and behavioral in nature. The unwanted sound is called noise. This unwanted sound can damage physiological and psychological health. Noise pollution can cause annoyance and aggression, hypertension, high stress levels, hearing loss, sleep disturbances. In the present study, attempts are made to study the noise level range at different roads of the Mysore city. Traffic behaviour and characteristics at various roads near schools, hospitals, railway tracks, offices, courts, etc. using “Sound Level Meter”. Then, the maximum value of noise level in decibels is Estimated.

Keywords: Noise and Sound level meter.
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By
O. James ,P.N.Ndoke and S.S.Kolo
Department Of Civil Engineering, Federal University Of Technology.
Minna.

ABSTRACT
Normal concrete was prepared with a water-cement ratio of 0.50. cube specimens were cast for testing the compressive strength at 7 and 28 days of curing respectively using three curing methods namely immersion, sprinkling and Plastic sheeting, curing to cure the cube specimens until the day of testing. Test results indicates that water curing (WAC) as well as sprinkling (spraying) curing provided much better results than membrane (Plastic Sheeting) method of curing. The rate of drying was significant when the specimens were subjected to membrane (Plastic sheeting) method of curing. This thus hampered the hydration process and thus affected the compressive strength property of the hardened concrete. The overall finding of this study suggests that concrete should be cured by water curing to achieve a better compressive strength.

Keywords:
Curing method, compressive strength, concrete
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