Introduction:
When completing the interior design of your home, there are numerous factors to consider. Searching for long-lasting, practical, and visually appealing materials would be best. Installing skirting or baseboards on your walls is a crucial decision you can make. The lowest portion of the wall, where it meets the floor, is covered with skirting boards. Skirting is an interior part of a home or structure that covers the seam where the floor meets the wall. It defines the bottom portion of a wall next to a floor as a baseboard or skirting board. Additionally, it is secured to the wall on both sides. These baseboards come in various forms that may be used for residential, commercial, or any.

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Introduction:
One of the most common issues that most construction workers face is dealing with holes, cracks, fine pores, uneven surfaces, etc. These not only deteriorate the surface texture but also weaken the overall construction. Germs, pests, and bugs can thrive in holes, cracks, and other depressions. So injection grouting is the best way to solve these issues. It is a new method of filling holes rather than reapplying plaster to the entire wall. Despite its importance, only some people are aware of injection grouting.

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Introduction:
In the modern world, concrete is the most popular building material for many different types of buildings. Concrete pavements are one of the essential components of a construction site. Concrete slabs are made and put in place to make a solid pavement that can handle the traffic. Construction workers use dowel bars to ensure these pavements are strong and stable. These bars help make sure that the concrete slabs are mechanically connected in the right way.

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Introduction:
Walls and roofs have been the primary and most fundamental needs of human dwellings ever since the concept of a house was first conceived. Bricks replaced stones as the preferred material for construction. We used a lot of water to make mortar and let it cure, but that’s no longer necessary thanks to cement; thus, stone and brick masonry is becoming increasingly obsolete. A drywall is a type of wall that is not made of bricks or plaster; both need water in some way. As the world’s water supply dwindles, this is crucial in ensuring that future generations can continue to benefit from our current resources.

The Drywall System was developed by the U.S. Gypsum Company (USG) in 1916. The Sackett plaster firm, a division of USG, is responsible for the product’s original name, “Sackett Board.” Small fireproof tiles were offered for sale, but subsequent years saw the product reformulate into multilayer sheets of gypsum and paper. In fewer than ten years, it evolved into its present form, with compressed gypsum between two thick sheets of paper.

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Introduction:
Improvements in building materials are constantly being made. The construction industry relies on wide concrete varieties for its many varied projects. Various constructions use refractory concrete to withstand high temperatures. Normal concrete melts at a particular temperature. High-alumina cement is often used to make refractory concrete, which can withstand high temperatures, along with aggregates that can also withstand heat.
Fig: Refractory Concrete
Courtesy: monolithicrefractoriesonline.com

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What is Mudjacking?
Mudjacking is one of the best ways to repair concrete because it only takes a few hours to finish. Mudjacking is a way to lift asphalt slabs on sidewalks, patios, and driveways. It is a type of concrete leveling. In mudjacking, the slab is lifted back up to its original height by pumping cement slurry—usually a mixture of sand, water, and cement—under it through a hole. Mudjacking and concrete leveling professionals are the only ones who should do this job.
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Introduction
Bitumen is obtained from the fractional distillation of crude petroleum. It has adhesive properties, and it has added oil while manufacturing the names of kerosene, spirit, volatile oils, etc. It is most widely used on roads as it is an excellent binder and binds the materials for durability, recyclability, and usability for roads. It is used widely used for the construction of flexible pavements. It has excellent waterproofing properties, low-cost material, and is dark or black. It is often confused with tar as it has similar properties. Tar is obtained by destructive distillation such as coal or wood, while bitumen is not. Apart from this, bitumen is soluble in carbon disulphide, and tar is soluble in benzene or nitrobenzene. It’s scope in improvement is limitless as it has flexibility in properties and is expected to be environment friendly during the course of time. All these properties and the effectiveness of bitumen are discussed here in this article.
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INTRODUCTION
Retaining walls are structures which are designed and constructed to resist lateral pressure of soil. When there appears a change in ground elevation that exceeds angle of repose of soil then these walls prove effective. These types of walls are used in construction of buildings having basements, bridges, roads, etc. when it is necessary to retain embankments or earth in a relatively vertical position. These are supported by rock or soil underlying the base slab or supported on piles. When these walls retain earth or any such material in earthen embankments for railways, roads, wing walls of bridges and many more, then such earth or any such material is referred to as backfill. In order to design such walls is mandatory to determine the pressure exerted by and acting on plane faces of soil. Retaining walls can be designed by Working Stress Method or Limit State Method. In both methods Rankine’s theory of earth pressure is used which consists of both passive earth pressure and active earth pressure. By finding stresses we can estimate and design these walls.
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