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AQUEDUCT

By
Kaushal Kishore
Materials Engineer, Roorkee

The new Solani aqueduct on Ganges canal Roorkee was built with prestressed concrete which allows for longer spans and a simple more robust design compared to old bricks, lime- surkhi mortar masonry arches of the old aqueduct, in which 8.5 crores bricks were used, while iron railing used in the sides of two lanes were imported from England. This is interesting to note that materials bringing those days on ship from England to Indian ports take 6-10 weeks via the Suez canal or 3 to 6 months via the longer Cape of Good Hope. Calculate in it also time taken on road from Indian ports to Roorkee.

After retirement from University of now IIT Roorkee I joined M/S Roffe Construction Chemicals Pvt.Ltdd, Mumbai as it’s Chief Concrete Technologists afterwards I became it’s one of the Director.


AQUEDUCT picture taken on 7/10/2025
For the contractor of above aqueduct I designed M-40 grade of concrete with Roffe superpladticizer. Those interested may read my paper by visiting Google site and log in; Civil engineering portal The Ganges canal by Kaushal Kishore.

I had designed numerous concrete mix design almost all cements of India in this I find Utra Tech cement as one of best cement OPC and PPC both With Ultratech cement I had designed numerous concrete mixes from ordinary strength to M-80 grade concrete, self compacting concrete, shot crete concrete, fibre reinforced concrete, fly ash concrete and more There is life after retirement and after retirement I worked for 30 year’s which includes in free time working in home research and testing laboratory and numerous construction sites visits almost all India and outside India. At my age of 92 years I still work for 12 hours daily.

I had never worked for money. In spite of doing so gigantic work what to say about car I even do not have 2 wheeler not any of my house not a single inch of land in this world only pension from IIT Roorkee and few clothes

IIT Roorkee Main Building

By
Kaushal Kishore
Materials Engineer, Roorkee

The Roorkee college, the first engineering college in the British Empire was established in 1847. In 1854, the college was renamed the Thomson College of Civil Engineering. In 1949, it was renamed the University of Roorkee. On September,21, 2001, it became the seventh IIT in India.

The main building of IIT, Roorkee was conducted during 1852-1854. During this period Lt.George Price, and assistant engineer on Ganga Canal, was the designer and likely supervisor of the IIT Roorkee main building. The original building finished in January, 1856.

Lt.George Price was a junior officer of the infantry. The main building is designed in the Renaissance style, a significant architectural achievement for a junior officer at that time.

LIONS STRUCTURE, THE PRIDE OF ROORKEE

By
Kaushal Kishore
Materials Engineer, Roorkee

Two lions in sitting position on both sides of Ganga Canal between Roorkee and 2.5 kilometres away at Mehwar village were build during 1840. The fifth lion statue was installed in Sher Kothi, Roorkee, where Cautley used to live.


It is said the lions are similar in structure to the ones erected in Trafalgar square London. They are made of black granite while the lions in Roorkee are of bricks, lime- surkhi mortar. The Mason’s and other artisan’s must be from Roorkee and other places of India whose hands have made our great structures but we never know their names though their contribution in any construction is not less than other staff.

The lion statues between Roorkee and Mehwar village are built as a mark of danger zone as between these two places lot of land fillings had to be done for the canal to keep the required level.

The lions flanking the entrance of the IIT Roorkee main building were likely to be erected around 1846.

Why our cities are flooding?

By
KAUSHAL KISHORE
Materials Engineer, Roorkee

Many cities tend to expand, changing their original land and waterscapes so they become prone to flooding.

CAUSES OF FLOODING
1. Over population

In 1947 India’s population was 34 crores, now in 2024 India population is 144.2 crores increasing at the rate of 3.5 crore per year. China present population is 142.5 crore and they have controlled their population.

The land area of India is 3.3 million sq.km and China 9.6 million sq.km. Our population is more than China but our land area is about 37 percent of China land area . One of route cause of our problems is overpopulation. Our land and environment can hold only a limited population.

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Types of Loads on Buildings

Introduction
Analysis of structures is important for safe design and serviceability to resist loads coming from various sources. These loads re taken into account while designing so that the building does not fail under the application of these loads. These loads may be in the form of uniformly distributed load, concentrated load, triangular load and so on. All these have various points of application and so the center of mass is to be detected for making the calculations easy in every aspect. For example, in seismic zones, the earthquake load plays an important role which is to be considered in seismic analysis. Similarly, in some areas wind is the predominant force and it imposes load on the building which needs to be analysed before any disaster strikes. All these loads create a significant impact in performing structural analysis and any slight calculation mistakes can create life threatening situations.

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World’s first 3D Printed Steel Bridge in Amsterdam

Introduction:
This is a 3D-printed steel bridge that was opened to the public in Amsterdam in July 2021. The bridge was developed by a Dutch Robotics Company named MX3D, in collaboration with a consortium of experts. The bridge will represent a major milestone for 3D printing technology.

Fig 1: The first 3D printed steel bridge unveiled in Amsterdam
Fig 1: The first 3D printed steel bridge unveiled in Amsterdam

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Construction & Management of Underground Structure with Scheduling & Estimation

By
Mr. S.L. Ghorpade
Under the guidance of Prof. A.B. Shendge
Dattakala Group of Institutions Faculty of Engineering, Swami – Chincholi (Bhigwan).

Abstract- The construction of tunnel is important for different purposes. They can be constructed for railways, roadways, pedestrian footways and can be built in hard rock, soft ground, river bed and are also used to convey Hydroelectric power, water stream, or as a sewer. The construction of Diversion Tunnel, Pressure Shaft, and Tailrace Tunnel to convey water is considered in this project. To identify Scheduling of different activities by various methods Network Diagram, C.P.M., P.E.R.T. and their cycle time is calculated. Scheduling for different activity is carried out with the help of Network Diagram & Primavera Software will be carried out in a project stage II. Study of Estimation for a Diversion Tunnel, Pressure Shaft, and Tailrace Tunnel by both methods. Excavation in heading and benching, Rock bolt support work, lining work is considered for cycle time and cost estimation calculation in Diversion Tunnel, Pressure Shaft, and Tailrace Tunnel. Estimation is also carried out by two methods. The comparison of two methods adopted for excavation work and estimation will be carried out in a project stage II.

Keywords- Scheduling, C.P.M., P.E.R.T., Gantt chart, Network Diagram, Estimation, Heading, Benching, Cycle time, Lining, Rock Bolts, Diversion Tunnel, Pressure Shaft, Tailrace Tunnel.

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Measurement of Air Content in Concrete

Introduction:
Even though concrete is one of the most durable building materials, its strength and durability can be affected by many things over time. The amount of air in the mix may be the hardest to control out of all these things. Having air in concrete is important to keep projects inside and out from going wrong. Even when air entrainers and detainers are used at the batch plant, loads are rejected on the job site because there is too much or not enough air. Knowing what can change the amount of air in a mix while it is in transit can help ready-mix operators make sure their mixes meet job requirements.

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About Civil Engineering

Engineering is a term applied to the profession in which a knowledge of the mathematical and natural sciences, gained by study, experience, and practice, is applied to the efficient use of the materials and forces of nature. Engineers are the ones who have received professional training in pure and applied science. Before the middle of the 18th century, large-scale construction work was usually placed in the hands of military engineers. Military engineering involved such work as the preparation of topographical maps, the location, design, and construction of roads and bridges; and the building of forts and docks; see Military Engineering below. In the 18th century, however, the term civil engineering came into use to describe engineering work that was performed by civilians for nonmilitary purposes.

Civil engineering is the broadest of the engineering fields. Civil engineering focuses on the infrastructure of the world which include Waterworks, Sewers, Dams, Power Plants, Transmission Towers/Lines, Railroads, Highways, Bridges, Tunnels, Irrigation Canals, River Navigation, Shipping Canals, Traffic Control, Mass Transit, Airport Runways, Terminals, Industrial Plant Buildings, Skyscrapers, etc. Among the important subdivisions of the field are construction engineering, irrigation engineering, transportation engineering, soils and foundation engineering, geodetic engineering, hydraulic engineering, and coastal and ocean engineering.

Civil engineers build the world’s infrastructure. In doing so, they quietly shape the history of nations around the world. Most people can not imagine life without the many contributions of civil engineers to the public’s health, safety and standard of living. Only by exploring civil engineering’s influence in shaping the world we know today, can we creatively envision the progress of our tomorrows.

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Comments

3,830 comments on "Civil Engineering Home"

james says:

why do engineers need code of ethics..?

P RAMESH says:

sir,
Iam doing in civil engr.i want more details of plan and estimate of civil engr.

suresh says:

we take quality control cubes while working. but the cubes are tested only after seven and twenty eight days. in case the cubes does not attain requried strength, what needs to be done to the already constructed structure?

What interval is required between concreting the next lift in a column? for say a 3 storied-each story 3m height- builing, how much time is required as per standard specifications to complete? could you please provide the time break up for better understanding.

Sumit says:

y THE CIVIL ENGG. GET THE JOB SO LATE

P.Charles(BE) says:

RESPECTED SIR/MADAM
IM A FINAL YR CIVIL ENGINEERING STUDENT. STILL 7MONTH’S TO COMPLETE MY COURSE,THERE IS SOME NERVES FOR ME THAT
HOW IM GOING TO BE NEXT AFTER MY DURATION OF LEARNING. SO PLEASE GIVE ME ANY IDEA (OR) HOW TO OVER COME THIS FEAR. I THINK THERE MUST
BE ANY PERSON IN MY SITUATION AT MY AGE, IS THERE ANYONE LIKE ME?

Rohit patel says:

Dear sir, i have completed my graduation in math and got the addmision in civil ENGG. At gla agra. I just have no idea about civil’eng’s . So light up my knowledge by proper guidence…thanks

Vinay says:

Civil trade is most popular trade in tha world a civilian can imgine tha beautiful infrastuructor

Abhishek Sharma says:

Hello Friends,

I have just completed my Diploma in civil engineering & i am doing a job right now.
I want to know if there is any course which i can join while doing my job.

Please guide me.

Mayank says:

sir, i want join in civil engineer course, i know little bit about it but i request you to tell me more about it.
so give me some advice.

Subhro Chakraborty says:

Si, I Am Studying Civil Engg, B Tech, 5th Semester, In Bangalore, Please Provide Some Details About My M Tech, which Specialisation Should I Take??

MOHAIDEEN says:

i am finish my civil engineer current with 1st class 76% . i plan to go job. i want to know which companies r taking civil engg(site engineer) fresher now days…

manish says:

hi everybody.. i am civil engineer… dont get confused whether to do mba or any pg course.
or not…
because we open many doors as we complete pg courses… so go for gate or other entrances
for getting admission in pg courses.. from second year itself u study all details of gate
exam and system and u start preparing exam… so that u crack gate in final year

Sagar says:

Respected Sir,
I am a 12th std. science student studying in Pune. I aspire to B.E. in Civil Engineering. Can you please tell me about the different options of colleges I have in or outside Pune(in India).
I would also want to know the syllabus covered in this course. What are the placement chances after the course. What are the different job oppurtunities ? Please give me the necessary knowledge.
Thank You.

ghilman says:

sir
i m 1st year civil engg student which maths book u prescribe 4 me

Mohd. Shueb says:

Hello sir, I’m Mohd. Shueb in B. Tech. CIVIL final year. I wana go to construction field in site. so can you advise me that is MBA or M. Tech. better for me.

Ramganesh says:

sir,
i have in vel high tech college on civil course.sir i was planning to join ece and civil i got civil in good college .On joining in ece i was planing to join in gniit
also but now iam in civil so what computer course should i take for career?

Preeti Kaushal says:

Sir,

i have done my diploma in Architecture & doing Civil engg. as distance equcation. i am also doing job as a Draftsman from Last 4 years & my degree is about to complete.now i have to change my field & i have to choose a field from civil part for my training part.
Now i am confused to choose a field from civil like Water resourses,Transporatation,structure engg.etc.
Pls suggest Me. i am waiting for reply.
Thanks..

shivang says:

sir,
i m doing my b.tech 4m civil engg. 4m a govt. college in uttarakhand.i m in my 3rd yr. i hav heard about managmnt in civil engg bt don’t know much about it.since job experience is prefered b4 pursuing managmnt.practically,is it possible 2 go in managmnt studies after job of 2-3 yrs(workload on site).plz tell me wat all options do i hav.since this is a vry crucial time 4 my studies which all competitive buks should i refer.

Mayura says:

Sir,
I’m studying in first year civil engineering in a gov college.As i am finding it easy can u tell me the courses which i can do along with it and which is related to it.I also want to know the competitive exams that i will be facing after my B.Tech

rohit jakhotiya says:

Sir,
I m studying in final year civil engineering from SRKNEC college.Now i m planning to do PG but i am not able to decide that should i do construction and management from NICMAR or should do GRE?
pls suggest me.

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