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New Civil Engineering Topics

Construction & Management of Underground Structure with Scheduling & Estimation

By
Mr. S.L. Ghorpade
Under the guidance of Prof. A.B. Shendge
Dattakala Group of Institutions Faculty of Engineering, Swami – Chincholi (Bhigwan).

Abstract- The construction of tunnel is important for different purposes. They can be constructed for railways, roadways, pedestrian footways and can be built in hard rock, soft ground, river bed and are also used to convey Hydroelectric power, water stream, or as a sewer. The construction of Diversion Tunnel, Pressure Shaft, and Tailrace Tunnel to convey water is considered in this project. To identify Scheduling of different activities by various methods Network Diagram, C.P.M., P.E.R.T. and their cycle time is calculated. Scheduling for different activity is carried out with the help of Network Diagram & Primavera Software will be carried out in a project stage II. Study of Estimation for a Diversion Tunnel, Pressure Shaft, and Tailrace Tunnel by both methods. Excavation in heading and benching, Rock bolt support work, lining work is considered for cycle time and cost estimation calculation in Diversion Tunnel, Pressure Shaft, and Tailrace Tunnel. Estimation is also carried out by two methods. The comparison of two methods adopted for excavation work and estimation will be carried out in a project stage II.

Keywords- Scheduling, C.P.M., P.E.R.T., Gantt chart, Network Diagram, Estimation, Heading, Benching, Cycle time, Lining, Rock Bolts, Diversion Tunnel, Pressure Shaft, Tailrace Tunnel.

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Measurement of Air Content in Concrete

Introduction:
Even though concrete is one of the most durable building materials, its strength and durability can be affected by many things over time. The amount of air in the mix may be the hardest to control out of all these things. Having air in concrete is important to keep projects inside and out from going wrong. Even when air entrainers and detainers are used at the batch plant, loads are rejected on the job site because there is too much or not enough air. Knowing what can change the amount of air in a mix while it is in transit can help ready-mix operators make sure their mixes meet job requirements.

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What Is Tuckpointing in Masonry?

Introduction:
Mortar is important for residential and commercial brick buildings because it holds the bricks together and acts as a seal to keep water and moisture from getting inside the walls. It’s also a nice-looking divider that goes around each brick. Unluckily, the mortar is the weakest part of a brick wall. Years of weathering, weight, temperature, and moisture can cause the mortar to wear down and crack. When the mortar is lost, it affects the wall’s ability to hold together, and the bricks no longer fit together neatly. Tuckpointing is the process professionals use to fix and strengthen the joints between the bricks.

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What is Ready Mix Concrete?

Introduction
In the 21st century, everything has started to speed up, even in the construction industry too. The construction activities are speeding up by replacing the manual works with automatic machines. Likewise, in cement mixing, too, there has been rapid development. Instead of mixing on-site, a ready-to-use cement mix is being on the site so that no time is wasted in proportioning the cement to the desired strength.

Instead of on a job site, ready-mix concrete is made in a plant according to a predetermined mix design. Manufacturers mix sand, gravel, cement, and water depending on the project requirements before delivering the mixture to the site.

There are three types of ready-mix concrete: transit-mix concrete, central mixed concrete, and shrink-mix concrete.

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Types of CAD Softwares used by Civil Engineers

Introduction
Computer-Aided Design Software or CAD is used to create, analyze, modify, or stimulate for optimizing design. Architects, engineers, and designers use it to create or modify designs in 2D or 3D that was impossible to be exhibited on paper. It transforms designs into codes that are understandable by the computer, resulting in viewing a designed object from various perspectives.

Different companies use different CAD software versions to carry out desired results for the company’s standards. CAD offers expandable features that can be used by companies working in various fields. This software facilitates conversion from design to construction process. Because of low-cost development and less time consumption, this software is gaining traction. Some of such software that is used in various industries shall be discussed here in details.
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Award Conferred to Er. Kaushal kishore on Concrete Day

Award conferred to Er. Kaushal kishore on concrete day by ICI Uttarakhand center and Ultratech Cement Limited for significant contribution in concrete.

The award was taken on behalf of Er. Kaushal kishore by his daughter Punam Rani at Sarovar Portico hotel, Haridwar on 23/02/2024.

Award conferred to Er. Kaushal kishore on Concrete Day

Award conferred to Er. Kaushal kishore on Concrete Day

What is Asphalt Flooring? Its Uses, Preparation and Installation

Introduction:
Asphalt is petroleum liquid with a very high viscosity. In many settings, asphalt flooring is the best solution. Asphalt mastic is created by mixing asphalt and sand in a 2:1 ratio when used as a flooring layer over a concrete subfloor. In place of sand, asphalt can be used to create a marble mosaic. Aside from asphalt, inert chemicals and mineral pigments are used to create asphalt tiles.

Asphalt flooring
Fig: Asphalt flooring
Courtesy: designingbuildings.co.uk

What is Asphalt Flooring?
The components of asphalt flooring are asphalt, chrysotile, paint, and glass beads, resulting in a smooth coating. It has a flat profile of around 1/8 to 3/16 inches and is indestructible, flame-resistant, cheap, and simple to shape. This flooring is well-known for its attractive appearance, as well as its anti-slip and soundproof properties, as well as its resistance to water, dirt, grease, acid, and dirtiness.
Asphalt flooring expands when wet, even when minimal maintenance requirements are followed; linoleum, on the other hand, can be installed in a quarter of the time and is resistant to viruses, acids, oils, and animal fats. Its use becomes appropriate for the ground temperature to be below 27 degrees Celsius.

Where is Asphalt Flooring Used?
Asphalt flooring can be seen in various settings, including parking lots, flyovers, footbridges, and verandas. On an existing concrete slab, its installation time is drastically reduced. It’s a smart idea to widen passageways like patios and bridges. As a result of its toughness and longevity, asphalt flooring is widely favored across the globe. The garage, the flyover, the walkway, and the runways are just a few places where asphalt flooring may be useful.

Preparation and Installation of Asphalt Flooring:

  • Clean the old floor and remove any cement, sand, or other debris before installing it. Massive equipment is required to break up the old asphalt. All debris from demolition must be removed, and the area must be thoroughly cleaned before the installation can begin. Additionally, cut up the smaller trees and grasses. More tanks in the space between buildings are wasteful and may lead to complications.
  • Make sure the water drains correctly by setting the lean after cleaning. If the concrete is poured properly, it will delay the collapse of your floors. Water can pool at the edge of the floor because of the design.
  • A well-installed sub-base is crucial since it serves as the flooring’s central support system and provides a stable foundation. The sub-base serves as an ice bridge in cold weather, minimizing fissures created by the time-consuming thawing process.
  • It is time to proof roll once the sub-base has hardened and been compacted. The stability of the basic pattern, essential for the asphalt and the load, is ensured by proof rolling.
  • Layer in your folder structure. The smooth zone of the base and the sub-base must be located before you can set your folder base. Finally, install the new asphalt flooring once a binder coating has been applied. When properly assembled, the sand, oil, and microscopic particles that give it its black appearance can be transformed into a soft, brilliant, and endearing floor.
  • Your new asphalt joints for pavement, highway, and parking space are the last touch because you’ll need to transition between the two configurations seamlessly.

Repairs to Asphalt Flooring:
Mastic asphalt flooring is convenient because it doesn’t have to be completely removed if damage occurs. Identifying the damaged section of an asphalt floor is the first step in repairing the damaged section. As a next step, the asphalt will be pliable again by applying a “hot poultice” around the circumference of the damaged region. The maintenance worker will use a bolster and hammer to break up the asphalt before shoveling it away.

The exposed edge is cleaned for a broken joint, and heating felt or staple tissue is applied. Depending on the desired thickness, the flooring is layered with asphalt in one or two layers.
Then, the asphalt is recreated and reheated to produce a fusion joint with the rest of the mastic asphalt. As a final step, coarse sand is rubbed into the asphalt, allowing the material to cool.

Advantages of Asphalt Flooring:

  • Placing the asphalt flooring catalog in a parking lot will result in a sturdy and long-lasting plane, which will be evaluated for its strength and durability.
  • Pavement made of asphalt will have bitumen applied to make it even more watertight.
  • Particles are less likely to stick to asphalt flooring than concrete because of the material’s structure.
  • Asphalt flooring bases can help smooth out imperfections like sharp corners and edges that would otherwise damage your floor.
  • With asphalt, materials may be revived and used again because it does not degrade.
  • Asphalt walkways on balconies are a terrific choice for a practical and long-lasting floor.
  • Healing with asphalt is rational and straightforward; if you administer asphalt, you will need less supervision.

Disadvantages of Asphalt Flooring:

  • Asphalt flooring requires more maintenance than concrete since it must be sealed every four to five years with plaster to keep it from cracking. There will be instances when flying isn’t necessary.
  • For the best results, heat the material to between 250 and 350 degrees Fahrenheit before applying it to the asphalt floor of the airplane. Then, coat it with sand or other materials for added compression and longer service life.
  • Asphalt will deteriorate if you haven’t varied and positioned it properly, and you can repair and level off cracked or uneven surfaces before flooring.
  • In the future, asphalt will be made from fuel, which causes harm when the organic compound is removed—reverse asphalt, which can be used to build asphalt concrete with no organic compounds.
  • Asphalt flooring cannot be laid without a tracked truck and the right accessories.

Conclusion:
Asphalt flooring is becoming increasingly popular due to its numerous useful properties, such as toughness, elasticity, durability, water resistance, acid resistance, and aesthetic appeal. Since mastic asphalt flooring is both silent and nonslippery, it may be used anywhere from factories to loading platforms to swimming pools and terraces.

References:
1. “Mastic Asphalt Flooring.” Mastic Asphalt Flooring – Designing Buildings, www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Mastic_asphalt_flooring. Accessed 10 Nov. 2022..
2. Asphalt, Heritage. “Asphalt Contractors: Heritage Asphalt #1 UK Asphalt Company.” Mastic Asphalt Contractor, masticasphaltcontractor.co.uk. Accessed 10 Nov. 2022.
3. “What Is Asphalt Flooring: Its Advantages and Disadvantages.” Real Estate Forum by NoBroker.com, www.nobroker.in/forum/what-is-asphalt-flooring. Accessed 10 Nov. 2022.
4. “Mastic Asphalt Flooring | the Construction Civil.” The Construction Civil, 28 Sept. 2012, www.theconstructioncivil.org/mastic-asphalt-flooring.
5. Geeky. “Pros and Cons of Asphalt and Concrete | Richmond Blacktop.” Richmond Blacktop, 19 Aug. 2016, richmondblacktop.com/blog/pros-cons-asphalt-concrete.
6. Asphalt, London. “London Asphalt.” London Asphalt, www.asphaltroofinglondon.co.uk. Accessed 10 Nov. 2022.

Modern Day Methods Of Dealing With Cracks In Concrete

INTRODUCTION
Cracks in concrete are common and it if often misunderstood as not having done mixing properly or compaction properly or problem in foundation and many more. In general cases cracks sizes ranging from 1/4 inch to 1/16 inch is considered to be acceptable limit. One can control cracking by properly preparing the subbase, proper curing, not favouring under-reinforcement or over-reinforcement, by proper placing and spacing crack control joints, etc. To fix narrow cracks in concrete, caulk-style concrete repair compound is used because of its easy application. For larger cracks especially in case of walls, epoxy injection kit is used which allows deep penetration through cracks. In case of repairing of stairs, vinyl concrete patcher is used as it is durable and easy to mould into a step like shape.

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About Civil Engineering

Engineering is a term applied to the profession in which a knowledge of the mathematical and natural sciences, gained by study, experience, and practice, is applied to the efficient use of the materials and forces of nature. Engineers are the ones who have received professional training in pure and applied science. Before the middle of the 18th century, large-scale construction work was usually placed in the hands of military engineers. Military engineering involved such work as the preparation of topographical maps, the location, design, and construction of roads and bridges; and the building of forts and docks; see Military Engineering below. In the 18th century, however, the term civil engineering came into use to describe engineering work that was performed by civilians for nonmilitary purposes.

Civil engineering is the broadest of the engineering fields. Civil engineering focuses on the infrastructure of the world which include Waterworks, Sewers, Dams, Power Plants, Transmission Towers/Lines, Railroads, Highways, Bridges, Tunnels, Irrigation Canals, River Navigation, Shipping Canals, Traffic Control, Mass Transit, Airport Runways, Terminals, Industrial Plant Buildings, Skyscrapers, etc. Among the important subdivisions of the field are construction engineering, irrigation engineering, transportation engineering, soils and foundation engineering, geodetic engineering, hydraulic engineering, and coastal and ocean engineering.

Civil engineers build the world’s infrastructure. In doing so, they quietly shape the history of nations around the world. Most people can not imagine life without the many contributions of civil engineers to the public’s health, safety and standard of living. Only by exploring civil engineering’s influence in shaping the world we know today, can we creatively envision the progress of our tomorrows.

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Comments

3,821 comments on "Civil Engineering Home"

1 2 3 158
kuldeep says:

its good one .. i like it.. n learnt alot..

karthikeyan.p says:

ya its so nice to have informations………

murugan says:

every have to learn

anchal jain says:

mind blowing

Apurba Baruah says:

Very good note regarding the Engineering, also knowledgeble too.Thank you for providing such paper on site

DamionKutaeff(bigBoy) says:

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and wish to assist as far as possible.

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jayasankar says:

Hay, Iam Jayasankar from Kerala, and Iam very happy to join this

arun kumar says:

civil engineering work is essential, without this field we cannot develop a world

SANNAVEERAPPA says:

I AM VERY HAPPY TO JOIN

parvathy says:

truly motivating for civil engg. students like me….

joen says:

a good website for future civil engineers like me……..

william rodrigues says:

william rodrigues from cochin kerala. I thank you for such information regarding
civil engineering. And also wish to have other information dealing with materials
used in construction. Viz steel and chemical used in cement concrete.

thank you

RAJIV says:

CIVIL ENGINEER GIVES COUNTRY ITS ON LOOK WITHOUT IT A COUNTRY CANNOT RUN

sunny george says:

please send more details

Trinatha Behera says:

Expressing the meaning – “Being a Civil Engineer what it means to the rest of the world as well as our responsibility towards them.”

swathi says:

Really nice.. It helps to the future civil engg students..

firdaus says:

nice one dude….

ahammed azam says:

I am a civil engineer graduated from bangladesh university of engineering & technology
in the year 1988.

I am now working as a consulting engineer in various foreign aided projects in Bangladesh.

ahammed azam says:

It’s a nice website.

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