Civil Engineering Information

What is Plywood?
Plywood is a type of composite wood. It’s made using wood veneers taken from hardwoods, softwoods, and other types of trees. Although higher-grade plywood is pressed and heated in more complicated ways, these wood veneers are usually bonded together.

Since plywood has more sturdy surfaces than 24 logs, it is preferable. It is because plywood does not expand when moisture is applied across the board’s grain. Aside from that, plywood is resistant to cracking, shrinking, breaking, and warping due to the procedures it goes through. It’s usually placed in furniture like cabinets, cupboards, television units, dressing tables, center tables, dining tables, and in building projects like bracing, panels, and ornamental objects.

Read More

What are Stones?
Stones are made up of two or more minerals that make up rocks, which make up the earth’s crust and have no specific shape or chemical composition. In regions where it is naturally accessible, stones are one of the most significant building materials in stone masonry civil engineering. The stones used in building construction should be strong, robust, and tough, with no weathered soft spots of material, fractures, or other faults that would reduce their strength and longevity. Quarrying from large solid rocks is used to obtain stones for construction.

Uses of Stones:
Stones are used in various applications in construction, such as:

• Masonry, comprising pillars, swags, entrances, and decorative embellishments.
• Tiles and cladding for the floor and walls.
• Surrounds for fires, stairwells, and other decorative components
• Aggregate.
• Ballast.
• Concrete, mortar, cement, asphalt, and some bricks contain it.
• Paving.
• Roofing materials.
• Work surfaces and tabletops in the kitchen.
• Countertops, shower trays, and basins for the bathroom.

Read More

A set of regulations that describe the norm for created things such as buildings and non-building structures is known as a building regulation, building control, or building code. To receive planning clearance, which is normally granted by a local council, a building must adhere to the code. Each municipality and urban development body in India has its own set of building codes that must be followed for all construction within their jurisdiction.

Fig 1: Bureau of Indian Standards logo

Read More

Rollers are huge construction machines that compress earth, concrete, gravel, crushed stone, or asphalt on construction sites surfaces. They are extensively utilized in road building and compact foundations on major construction sites and rely on their weight, combined with other mechanisms such as vibration and kneading, to compress the surface. There are different types of rollers ideal for different types of compaction.

The rolling method ensures that foundations are properly compacted and that materials are compact and do not come free, and road rollers are well-known in the building business. The road roller has several components, including diesel engines a canopy to protect the driver. This drum can be either vibratory or static, a compaction meter to measure the level of compaction, a water system, and tires.
Read More

What are Traps in Plumbing?
A trap is a mechanism that prevents sewer gases from entering the structure. The traps hold a little water and are situated underneath or within a plumbing fixture. The holding water provides a water seal, which prevents foul gases from drain pipes from returning to the structure. As a result, traps are installed in all plumbing fixtures such as sinks, washbasins, bathtubs, and toilets.

Drain lines are designed to drain water from any water-using device or fixture in the home. It is connected to the main sewer system. As a result, there should be a trap in the pipe that can be used to seal the drain. A net is installed in the gully trap to keep debris out. The water seal’s height in the gully trap is 60 and 70 mm.

The plumbing traps are of high quality. A bent pipe is employed to create a water seal in any trap. You may have seen floor traps, alley traps, p-traps, and other design traps in your house plumbing fixtures.
Read More