Civil Engineering Information

Grasscrete is a reinforced cellular cast-on-site concrete in which natural grass can be grown or gravel can be filled into the cavities. It is a green solution that aids in the creation of aesthetically beautiful and environmentally sustainable urban environments. It is a green alternative that provides an impermeable surface for emergency vehicle access, parking, and water management. Concrete is poured over styrene void formers in a simple technique to make grasscrete. It’s a cellular reinforced concrete system cast on site with voids generated by formers. The former is essentially a piece of equipment or a mould that creates spaces in concrete that can later be filled with porous materials like stone, gravel, or plants.

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What is a Porch?
The porch is the first thing visitors notice as they approach your home. The structure is exterior to the building’s walls; however, it may be surrounded by frames extending from the main structure, such as walls, columns, or screens. As a result, the porch enhances the visual appearance of the structure. Therefore, a porch is vital for maximizing the functionality of a home.

As people approach your home, the porch is the first thing they see. The porch sets your home’s atmosphere. There are many different porches, ranging from modest and straightforward to wraparound porches; all have something unique to offer.
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Introduction
Damp Proof Course or DPC is the protective layer applied to prevent the rising of moisture to the walls from the ground due to capillary action. It is usually 2.5 cm thick with a ratio of rich cement concrete 1:1.5:3 or 2 cm thick with cement mortar 1:2 mixed with standard waterproofing material. It is provided from the plinth level to the entire width of the plinth wall, and the quantities are calculated in square meters (length x breadth). Usually, DPC is not provided at the sills of doors and verandah openings, for which deductions are made. In most cases, 1 kg of cem-seal, Impermo, or another definitive waterproofing compound is used per bag of cement.

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Aluminum is commonly employed in construction because of its inherent advantages of lightness and corrosion resistance. Since 1886, aluminum has been utilized extensively as an industrial metal. The present smelting method was invented at this time. When compared to metals like lead, copper, and bronze, which have been used for thousands of years, this suggests the metal has been available for a shorter time.

This material is frequently utilized as a substitute for steel in situations where its unique qualities are critical and worth paying for. Their unique characteristics are their lightweight and sparkling appearance. Aluminum usage in the globe is estimated to be in the range of 20 million tonnes per year. Aluminum is utilized in a variety of applications, including external facades, roofs and walls, windows and doors, stairwells, railings, and shelves, among others.

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Introduction
Construction is usually used to refer to any project in the field. Building a road, for example, is a type of construction. On the other hand, building typically refers to the construction of a structure such as a home or business. The same concept can be applied to the process’s output. The construction of a team could range from a skyscraper to a parking lot.

On the other hand, a building is almost always a closed structure with walls and a roof. Furthermore, many engineers will use the term construction to refer to the entire project, from design to completion. Building refers only to the phase of actually erecting the structure in this framework.

In short, construction is typically a broader term than building. Drafting, measurement, and other tools used in the overall project are examples of construction tools. While basic construction tools are essentially the same, more advanced items may cover a broader range of tasks.

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GIS and remote sensing techniques have become essential and powerful tools for tackling civil engineering problems. Remote sensing data frequently correlates spatial data with their properties, making it beneficial in this discipline. Remote sensing can be used to extract several themes such as geology, terrain, drainage, and hydrology. Integrating the following topics aids in the speedier resolution of civil engineering challenges. Sanitation, urban growth, new road alignment, and irrigation project design are all areas where remote sensing technology is commonly used. GIS and remote sensing data are commonly used to construct models that integrate socioeconomic, demographic, and natural resource information.
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What is AI:
It is the art and science of creating intelligent machines, particularly intelligent computer programmes. It resembles the task of using computers to understand human intelligence. Basically, Artificial Intelligence refers to the intelligence displayed by machines. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has grown extremely prevalent in today’s world. It is the simulation of human intelligence in computers that have been programmed to learn and mimic human actions. These machines can learn from their mistakes and do activities that are similar to those performed by humans.

AI in Civil Engineering:
Deep learning technologies have been effectively employed in a variety of industries for many years, including civil engineering. Indeed, with the emergence of complex constructions such as skyscrapers, machine learning techniques grabbed centre stage in the sector a long time ago. We are seeing the application and growth of AI in the construction industry more than ever before, with intelligent algorithms, big data, and deep learning machines transforming productivity performance.

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A passive solar building is one that is designed and constructed by taking use of the factors found in the surrounding environment, particularly the sun’s movement. If planned and built according to a few passive solar building criteria, passive solar structures will be warm in the cold winters and cool in the hot summers. The sun’s thermal energy is used to both warm and cool the structure in a passive solar design, which is built and placed to shelter the sun during the hotter summer months.

A well-designed passive solar home reduces heating and cooling loads first through energy-efficiency technologies, then uses solar energy to partially or entirely meet those reduced demands. Because modern homes have low heating loads, it’s critical to avoid oversizing south-facing glass and ensuring that it’s adequately shaded in the spring and fall to minimise overheating and increasing cooling loads.
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3D printed concrete is an emerging technology that has many advantages like reduced labour cost, less emission of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, reduced cost, less time consuming, ease of use, ability to change properties as per desire and many more. A case study on building houses using 3D printed concrete and conventional concrete brought into light that cost is effectively reduced using 3D printed concrete which is beneficial for people having low income or for refugees who have nowhere to go and construct houses affordably. Many types of 3D printing can be observed out of which the perfect method is selected based on various criteria. Some admixtures can also be added for better strength and workability that will facilitate ease of extrusion through the nozzle. Compaction or vibration is seen absent here as the process is completely automatic. However, some labours may be needed to move the 3D printed elements from one place to another. Other properties like bond strength, compressive strength and flexural strength are also taken into account for monitoring the effects of standoff distance as well as printing speed on tensile bond strength. Apart from this, some future projects are also expected that can produce homes on other planet and can open an array of opportunities.

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Introduction
The role of drones in construction is new and something which can bring revolution to the construction world. Earlier all the work had to be executed manually starting from drawing to building houses or detecting structural defects that arise from time to time. All these have been replaced by technology to a large extent. Calculations like building estimates needed extensive time in calculating with the help of a pen, paper, and calculator but now software is available that reduces time and effort for doing cumbersome calculations. Similarly, drones provide various advantages that are beneficial for saving time and labor work. Not only this, accuracy in work increases, and better perception of the ongoing work is facilitated. All the pros and cons along with additional data are discussed here.

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