Student Corner

What is Wood?
The wood is the most important portion of a stem and a tree. In the tree’s architectural structure, wood serves a variety of purposes. Its primary function is to sustain the tree to remain upright and grow in height. The tree’s height is important because the higher it is, the closer it is to the sun, the more leaves or shoots it produces, and the more sunlight it can absorb and use in the photosynthesis process.

As a result, the trees’ profession or role is related to the tree’s ability to retain food and survive. In addition, the wood helps to transfer minerals and water to the growing tissues and other leaves.

Fig 1: Wood
Courtesy: Good housekeeping.com

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What Is Door?
Doors are a crucial component of a building because they allow people to enter and exit. A door is defined as an openable barrier or a framework constructed of steel, aluminum, wood, or a combination of these materials that can be opened.
It is critical to select the ideal entrance for your home because the door is directly linked to the property’s security. The doors also enhance the elegance of the building.

Functions of Doors:

• The structure includes doorways that provide entry within the building’s rooms.
• The doors in the buildings act as a link between the various parts of the building’s interior.
• It will also provide the chamber with ventilation and lighting.
• It will aid in maintaining the rooms’ modesty.

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The roof is an important part of any building construction since it serves its uppermost covering. The structural element protects the entire structure from weather elements such as rain, frost, hail, etc. Various types of roofs have been invented and are utilized worldwide due to the inevitability of roofing in building construction. A Gable roof is one such essential style of roof.

What is Gable Roof?
A Gable roof has two sloping sides that peak at the top center. A pitched roof is another name for a gable roof. A gabled roof is chosen because it stops water from dropping from roof sheds and is less expensive than other roof types such as the gambrel or flat roof. Colors, shapes, and locations are used to customize gable roof designs. If you’re looking for a blend of decor, functionality, a modern design, and elegance, the gable roof is the way to go.

Gable roofs are a typical sight in many forms of architecture and give an excellent design of the roof covering throughout the world and snow regions. They have a beautiful, classical aspect and are commonly used in modern architecture.

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What is Stone Masonry?
Stone masonry is the construction of stones cemented together with mortar. Where stones are plentiful, cutting and dressing them to the right shape makes it cost-effective to construct numerous building components such as walls, columns, tooting, arches, beams, etc. Piers, docks, dams, lighthouses, and other sea construction built with stone masonry, stronger, more robust, and more weather-resistant than brick masonry.

Materials Used for Stone Masonry:
The materials used for stone masonry are:

1. Stones:
The stones used in masonry must be robust, durable, and free of cracks, sand holes, and voids. The availability of the stone and the construction’s relevance decide the stone’s selection for a given project. Limestone, sandstone, granite, marble, laterite, and other stones are utilized in masonry construction.

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A vertical portion with an effective length is three times the vertical member’s length. A column is a structure capable of sustaining compressive stresses with the minimum lateral dimension. From beams or slabs to footings or foundations, columns carry loads. In the case of frames and trusses, struts are slanted members that carry compressive loads. The pedestal is a vertical compression part less than three times the column’s length in effective length. Its lateral dimension is the smallest.

Columns carry axial loads; hence they are intended for compression. The columns can bend due to additional factors such as snow, wind, or other horizontal forces. The columns were designed to handle Axial Load and Bending.

Spiral Column:
Spiral Columns are normally cylindrical with continuous spiral bars wrapped around them. The spiral column’s helical reinforcement, also known as spiral reinforcement, is another name for the reinforcement employed in the spinal column. Spiral reinforcement helps to provide transverse support. In the case of a spiral column, the spiral restricts the concrete’s lateral expansion. Spiral columns are employed where flexibility is necessary or increased strength is cost-effective due to high loads.

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What is Plywood?
Plywood is a type of composite wood. It’s made using wood veneers taken from hardwoods, softwoods, and other types of trees. Although higher-grade plywood is pressed and heated in more complicated ways, these wood veneers are usually bonded together.

Since plywood has more sturdy surfaces than 24 logs, it is preferable. It is because plywood does not expand when moisture is applied across the board’s grain. Aside from that, plywood is resistant to cracking, shrinking, breaking, and warping due to the procedures it goes through. It’s usually placed in furniture like cabinets, cupboards, television units, dressing tables, center tables, dining tables, and in building projects like bracing, panels, and ornamental objects.

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What are Stones?
Stones are made up of two or more minerals that make up rocks, which make up the earth’s crust and have no specific shape or chemical composition. In regions where it is naturally accessible, stones are one of the most significant building materials in stone masonry civil engineering. The stones used in building construction should be strong, robust, and tough, with no weathered soft spots of material, fractures, or other faults that would reduce their strength and longevity. Quarrying from large solid rocks is used to obtain stones for construction.

Uses of Stones:
Stones are used in various applications in construction, such as:

• Masonry, comprising pillars, swags, entrances, and decorative embellishments.
• Tiles and cladding for the floor and walls.
• Surrounds for fires, stairwells, and other decorative components
• Aggregate.
• Ballast.
• Concrete, mortar, cement, asphalt, and some bricks contain it.
• Paving.
• Roofing materials.
• Work surfaces and tabletops in the kitchen.
• Countertops, shower trays, and basins for the bathroom.

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A set of regulations that describe the norm for created things such as buildings and non-building structures is known as a building regulation, building control, or building code. To receive planning clearance, which is normally granted by a local council, a building must adhere to the code. Each municipality and urban development body in India has its own set of building codes that must be followed for all construction within their jurisdiction.

Fig 1: Bureau of Indian Standards logo

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Like an open caisson, a well foundation built on the dry bed or after the sand island has been built. Wells can be dug on the river bank and floated to their final location if the water velocity is high and the depth is greater than 5 to 6 meters. When grounding a well, extreme caution is used to ensure that the well is in the proper position. Sandbags are placed around the well. Due to its weight, the well may sink 500 mm to 600 mm into the river. The procedure for sinking wells on the dry bed is identical to that of the wet bed.

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What is a Column?
Columns are rigid vertical structural components meant to support axial compressive loads from beams and slabs and then transfer them to the ground via footings. The various loads created in a structure are carried by column to footings and footings to the soil. As a result, the column is critical to the overall load transfer mechanism, and the structure would be incomplete without it.

However, not every vertical member must be a column. A column is defined as a member with a length greater than three times its smallest cross-sectional size. If this criterion is not met, the vertical part is referred to as a strut.
The strength of a column is determined by the material employed, its geometry, form, cross-section size, and its length and position about the support condition at both ends.

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