Steelworks

By
Er. Gaurav

Abstract:
Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) bars have been widely used in civil engineering used as a substitute for steel reinforcement because it has many advantages such as high strength-to-weight ratio, electromagnetic neutrality, light weight, ease of handling and no corrosion. Moreover, the productive technology becomes more and more mature and industrialized so that FRP has become one economic and competitive structure material. Based on the recent researches, this paper mainly introduces progress in the studies on concrete structures reinforced with FRP bars. These contents in this paper includes the bond performance of FRP bars in concrete, Compression Behavior, flexural behavior, and ductility of concrete structure reinforced with FRP bars in the past few years in the world.

Key words:
FRP Bars, Concrete Structure, Bond Performance, Pullout Behavior, Compression Behavior, Flexural Behavior, and Ductility.

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By
Sourav Dutta
Manager-Civil

Brand embossing
On rebar pieces, different items are encrypted in the following manner:

Here, X = Dia of rebar in mm, eg, 20
ABCD = Brand of rebar, eg, TATA TISCON / SAIL / JSPL etc
Y = Yield stress of rebar, eg, 500 indicates Fe500 with yield stress=500 Mpa
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By
Sourav Dutta
Manager-Civil

The first version of BIS 1786 came out in 1985 when in Cl.5.1, the code suggested the nominal sizes as shown below:

Fig 1 (s) : BIS1786-1985 and the relevant clause

The next version of the code BIS 1786 was introduced in 2008, where nominal sizes were rationalized and nominal sizes 7 mm, 18 mm, 22 mm, 45 mm and 50 mm had been removed. In Cl. 6.1, the code had suggested the nominal sizes as shown below:

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By
Sourav Dutta
Manager-Civil

The first version of BIS 1786 came out in 1985 where in Cl.1.1, the code had put the detailed physical and chemical properties, testing procedures of following strength grades of HYSD (High Yield Strength Deformed) bars/wires as shown below:

Fig 1 (s) : BIS1786-1985 and the relevant clause

The next version of the code BIS 1786 was introduced in 2008, where new strength grade Fe600 had been introduced. Also, two categories based on elongation for each grade except Fe600 had also been introduced. Thus in Cl.1.1, the code had put the detailed physical and chemical properties, testing procedures of following strength grades of HYSD (High Yield Strength Deformed) bars/wires as shown below:

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By
Sourav Dutta
Manager-Civil

What is slab?
A RCC (Reinforced Cement Concrete) slab is the most common structural element of any type of building. Horizontal slabs, typically between 4 and 20 inches (100 and 500 millimeters) thick, are most often used to construct floors and ceilings.Here discussion on “flat slab” has not been considered.

Typical loads to be considered for slab design
(i) Dead load: Any permanent load acting on the slab e.g. self-weight of slab, weight of floor finish & plaster

(ii) Live Load: Any non-permanent or moving load e.g. weight of occupants, furniture, and partitionon the slab

(iii) Snow load (if any)

Note: Earthquake and Wind loads are not considered in the design of slabs.

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By
Sourav Dutta
Manager-Civil

Introduction
There are a number of ways in which the superstructure can be built. In areas where average to good quality bricks are available, the walls of houses for two to three storeyed constructions can be built out of bricks with the slabs, lintels, chajja etc. in reinforced concrete. Such construction is termed as load bearing construction (Fig 1). This is essentially because the entire load coming from the slabs, beams, walls etc is transmitted to the foundation through the brick walls.

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By
Sourav Dutta
Manager-Civil
Ion Exchange India Limited

Now-a-days for controlling rust/corrosion of rebar some extra treatment is being carried out on rebar, making it more resistant to rusting/corrosion under unfavorable circumstances. Some of these treated rebars normally used are: (1) Fusion bonded epoxy coated rebar, (2) Cement-polymer composite coated rebar,(3) Corrosion resistant steel (CRS) rebar. The following comparison is being made aiming to give a clear cut idea on advantages/disadvantages of each type, which might help and give an idea to construction industry for decision making of selection of any particular type.

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By
Priyanka Gupta

Three decades back, a construction site was a place where all building materials were brought in fabricated or mended as per need and then used. For example cement, sand, stonechips and water was assembled at construction site; mixed as per design and used. Brick kilns were the only manufacturing/ prefabrication done in advance for construction. Storing of inventory at construction sites wasvery much prevalent.

The concept of factories and automobile industry like ‘lean engineering’, ‘just in time delivery’ and prefabrication have changed the very picture of construction site. But till early 2000 prefabrication in construction rebars was only in concept. Around 2010 prefabrication of TMT rebars started in India and now it has become indispensable for both large as well as small scale project.

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By
Priyanka Gupta

Before doing the comparison study lets know what these terms mean.
CPCC – Cement-Polymer Composite Coated Rebars
FBEC – Fusion Bonded Epoxy Coated Rebars
CRSD – Corrosion Resistant Steel Deformed Rebars

1.0 Corrosion Control of Reinforcement bars (Rebars)
40% of failure of structures is on account of corrosion of embedded steel reinforcement in concrete. Therefore corrosion control of steel reinforcement is a subject of paramount importance.First and foremost for corrosion control is the good quality of concrete through good construction practices.

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By
Mr.Sourav Dutta
Manager (Civil)
Tata Steel Ltd

Rusting/Corrosion are mainly caused due to:
1. Prolonged exposure of rebar to atmosphere/rainfall without any precaution.
2. Aggressive/saline/toxic environment.

RUST is caused by the reaction of air (O2) and moisture (H2O), and it is a common and natural phenomenon for most steel products. IT SHALL NEVER BE CAUSE OF CONCERN/REJECTION OF REBAR, AS PER BIS.

Fig : Guideline of BIS1786-2008

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