Awarded as the best online publication by CIDC
Keywords: Levelling, reduction of levels, rise and fall methods, height of instrument
In the previous posts we have learned about the leveling, its principles and methods. Now we can move on to a practical illustration of this leveling process.
A level filed book or a level book is used for booking and reducing the levels of various points in a systematic way. There are two methods for reducing the levels namely
Fare we’ll from my IIT, Roorkee Laboratory.
Whole civil engineering department was talking
A young boy is coming to hold my hand
I still remember it was raining
When Dr. Jai Krishna give my hand in your hands
My whole body thrilled while my hand was in your hands
I feel myself lucky and glad
A very handsome boy is going to be mine
God only knows for how much time
I was poor and totally nacked
You decorate and made me richest
I could not sleep whole night
As tomorrow you are going to leave me
I hear the sound of clappings
For your Praise from the head of IIT
but my heart was weeping
As soon I will not see you again
The. You come look at me
Look at the mechines you had installed
At a last look at me
You left me for ever
Believe me my love
You will always be in my heart
I will always be only yours
I will pray for your peaceful long and healthy life
God bless you.
– Kaushal Kishore
INTRODUCTION
Construction equipment have evolved as per changing requirements in the industry. Earlier for one job many equipment were required but now one equipment can do multiple jobs. Appropriate use of equipment contributes to completion of project on time, work speed, quality, and most importantly economy. It is not always possible for the contractor undergoing construction works to own each and every type of construction equipment required for the project due to complexity of project, shortage of skilled or efficient manpower, project involving handling of large quantity of earth materials, coping up with the time schedules, etc. However, one can purchase or hire the equipment as per suitability. If the equipment has to be used frequently and for a long duration of time then it proves to be economical to purchase the equipment. On the contrary, if the equipment has to be used occasionally and for a short duration of time, it proves to be economical to get it hired.
AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT:
To determine the undrained shear strength of a sandy to silty soil.
CODE OF REFERENCE:
• IS 2720 (Part 13)- 1986 Methods of test for soils: (Part -13) Direct Shear Stress
• IS 2720 (Part 2)- 1973 Methods of test for soils: (Part -2) Determination of water content
AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT
To determine the unconfined compressive strength of cohesive soil in the laboratory.
CODE OF REFERENCE
• IS 2720 (Part-10)-1973 Methods of test for soils: Part 10 – Determination of unconfined compressive strength.
• IS 2720 (Part-2)-1973 Methods of test for soils: (Part 1) – Determination of water content.
Read More
Keywords: Levelling, principle, differential levelling, station, backsight, foresight, intermediate sight, change point, turning point, balancing
Let’s now move on to the basic principle of levelling. If you want to refresh the basic concepts of levelling, you can read them here.
Simple levelling
When the levelling instrument is properly leveled, the bubble tube axis and the line of sight will be horizontal and the vertical axis of the instrument will be vertical. The bubble must be central and traverse. The line of sight will remain in a horizontal plane when the telescope is rotated. Thus if the telescope is sighted towards a staff kept on a point of known elevation, the height or elevation of the line of sight can be determined. If the telescope is now directed to staff kept on points of unknown elevation, the staff readings can be read. From which the reduced levels of the unknown points can be determined.
AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT:
To determine the stripping test of aggregates on bituminous mix and to ascertain the suitability of road aggregates for bituminous road construction
CODE OF REFERENCE:
• IS: 6241- 1971 Methods of Testing Tar and Bituminous Materials: Determination of Stripping value of aggregates, Bureau of Indian Standards.
Keywords: Levelling, dumpy level, level, levelling staff, telescope
In the previous articles we have seen that what is levelling and what are the major types of levelling employed in different circumstances. Let’s move on to the next topic in this section, which is levelling instruments and accessories.
AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT
To determine the viscosity of bituminous material.
CODE OF REFERENCE
