Service reservoirs, other than normal reservoirs, are provided because of the following reasons:
(i) In case of the breakdown of pumping stations and water treatment plants, it provides a temporary storage of water in emergency situation like fire fighting.
(ii) Since the demand of water supply from customers varies with time, the provision of service reservoirs aims to balance the fluctuation rate of water demand.
(iii) It provides a constant head of water to the distribution system under the design pressure.
(iv) In the event of the occurrence of water hammer or surge during the rapid closure and opening of pumping stations, the reservoir acts to attenuate the surge and performs like a surge tank.
(v) It leads to a reduction of the size of pumps and trunk mains connecting to the distribution system as the pumps are not required to directly cope with the peak rates of water demand by the introduction of service reservoirs. As such, there is substantial cost savings arising from the use of smaller pumping pipelines and smaller pumps.
This question is taken from book named – A Self Learning Manual – Mastering Different Fields of Civil Engineering Works (VC-Q-A-Method) by Vincent T. H. CHU.
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May you show me the different types of images for pumps