Civil Engineering Information

INTRODUCTION
Retaining walls are structures which are designed and constructed to resist lateral pressure of soil. When there appears a change in ground elevation that exceeds angle of repose of soil then these walls prove effective. These types of walls are used in construction of buildings having basements, bridges, roads, etc. when it is necessary to retain embankments or earth in a relatively vertical position. These are supported by rock or soil underlying the base slab or supported on piles. When these walls retain earth or any such material in earthen embankments for railways, roads, wing walls of bridges and many more, then such earth or any such material is referred to as backfill. In order to design such walls is mandatory to determine the pressure exerted by and acting on plane faces of soil. Retaining walls can be designed by Working Stress Method or Limit State Method. In both methods Rankine’s theory of earth pressure is used which consists of both passive earth pressure and active earth pressure. By finding stresses we can estimate and design these walls.
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What is White Washing?
Whitewash is a mixture of lime, salt, and water used for various functions, including preventing sunburn, reducing insect damage, and reflecting heat on a building. Whitewash is a common decorative technique nowadays. It gives the furniture, bricks, walls, and other elements an aged and old look.

Because of its antibacterial characteristics, whitewashing was once utilized on barns and fences. It is becoming increasingly popular these days because of its weather appeal and vintage style. Whitewashed brick walls offer a fresh and sophisticated appearance, while whitewashed furniture has a rustic appeal.
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Introduction
Multi-storeyed Building
A multi storeyed Reinforced Cement Concrete Building is a combination of Concrete, reinforcement, Timber and lots of building material to form the various parts of the building like, Column, Beam, Slabs, Doors and Windows. All the components of the building are Rigid and forms a monolithic structure. It forms a continuous system which reduces the moment, transmits the load more evenly and forms a redundant structure. The load through the continuous system of beams and columns move to the foundation and later to the soil supporting to the structure.
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Introduction
Nowadays, all the energy resources are depleting due to our constant dependency on natural resources. At this stage, an urgency has emerged to harness the energy that can operate almost anything in the world. Likewise, in the civil engineering world, new inventions are emerging to make a greener world.

In the transportation sector, kinetic roads can help tackle pollution and our extensive dependency on natural resources. Solar radiation and kinetic energy from passing automobiles are two forms of energy sources frequently applied to road surfaces. As a result, they offer a lot of potential as long-term energy sources. Roadway pavement occupies a large portion of urban and rural areas, covering millions of square kilometers and constantly being exposed to various energy sources such as sun radiation, vibration, and traffic-induced pressures.

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Introduction
These days, glass is the most popular material for modern railing. We can see why it’s a popular alternative to hardwood handrails and spindles.

The glass railing creates a striking visual impact, enhances openness, expands areas, and allows light to flow freely. When built and installed properly, it adds luxury and value to a home while also being incredibly secure and practical.

Tempered glass is commonly used in glass railings. Tempering strengthens the structure and protects it from cracking and damage. Glass railings are popular among modern home builders because of their adaptability, exquisite design potential, and cheap upkeep.
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