INTRODUCTION
Cracks in concrete are common and it if often misunderstood as not having done mixing properly or compaction properly or problem in foundation and many more. In general cases cracks sizes ranging from 1/4 inch to 1/16 inch is considered to be acceptable limit. One can control cracking by properly preparing the subbase, proper curing, not favouring under-reinforcement or over-reinforcement, by proper placing and spacing crack control joints, etc. To fix narrow cracks in concrete, caulk-style concrete repair compound is used because of its easy application. For larger cracks especially in case of walls, epoxy injection kit is used which allows deep penetration through cracks. In case of repairing of stairs, vinyl concrete patcher is used as it is durable and easy to mould into a step like shape.
Introduction:
Concrete is a building material made of cement, aggregates (rock and sand), water, and additives (chemicals that enhance or modify the properties of concrete). There are a lot of chemicals used in construction now. From concrete admixtures to sealants, grouts, bonding agents, and waterproofing chemicals, the construction chemicals industry has a wide range of products. The construction industry uses these chemicals in a lot of different ways. These construction chemicals can make concrete stronger, and when used in different ways and amounts, they can also help get around many other problems. One chemical that is used in concrete is a “bonding agent.” This article will discuss concrete bonding agents and different types of concrete bonding agents.
Introduction:
The gradient of a road is crucial to the road’s very existence. The topography of most areas is not flat. Slopes are common on things that vary in scale. If a road were built there, there would likely be accidents. Road slopes facilitate these height fluctuations, which allow for smooth vehicle travel.
Fig: Different Types of Gradient of Roads
Courtesy: constructioncost.co
Introduction:
Construction workers must use various shoring methods when working on excavations or building sites to keep a building from falling over. Shoring may help professionals meet safety standards and prevent accidents from happening while digging and building. Shoring is building temporary structures to support unstable structures in the short term. These hold up the side walls. When walls buckle, when walls crack because foundations sink unevenly, or when cracked walls need to be fixed, shoring is needed to take down nearby buildings if a hole in the wall needs to be fixed or made bigger.
What is Shoring:
Shoring is temporary side support used in construction, repairs, and excavations. It can be used when walls bulge out, when walls crack because of uneven foundation settlement and need to be fixed, when an adjacent structure needs to be torn down, or when new holes or openings need to be made in walls. In construction, shoring is needed to support a deep excavation so that the retained soil doesn’t topple over and cause a mistake on the project. Its support depends on the soil type and the difference in an excavation level at least 1.20 meters from ground level.
Introduction:
Over the years, people in construction projects have always thought of new ways to do things. From the strong concrete used in old buildings to the steel used in bridges and skyscrapers, we can see how technology has changed the building industry. Some things change over time, while others are brand new. People had to develop new and creative ideas to keep up with the need for housing, natural disasters, and rising construction costs. This article will talk about some new, innovative building materials.
What is Innovation in Construction?
Regarding building materials, innovation means improving their quality and properties. The old material can be changed while its useful properties stay the same, or a new material can be used instead. Improving the building’s processes, products, or services is also a part of being innovative with building materials.
Introduction:
The parapet wall is a crucial structural element of our home. When completed, it forms a protective barrier at the end of the roof of the building or balcony. The parapet wall is crucial to the security of the building’s inhabitants. A parapet is usually the top part of a wall that goes over the roof and protects the roof, gutters, balconies, and walkways of houses, churches, castles, apartment buildings, commercial buildings, and other types of buildings. It could be made of bricks, stones, concrete, wood, or glass. A parapet can also stop a fire from spreading to a roof and protect against a sudden fall that could be fatal.
Introduction:
The lowest level of a building is its base, also called its foundation. So, the structure’s load (or loads) can be safely transferred to the ground below. The stability of a building’s foundation is one of the most important parts of how well it works. A good foundation ensures the ground is kept from what it can handle. Even though it can, the ground sinks under the weight. The amount of the settlement is in a good range.
Additionally, many factors, such as soil type and how the foundation is constructed, can affect the total amount of foundation settlement. Foundations built on bedrock move very little. On the other hand, foundations in other kinds of soil, like clay, may sink much more. Since it was built in the early 1930s, the Mexico City Palace of Fine Arts has settled more than 15 feet (4.5m) into the clay soil on which it is built. On the other hand, foundation settlement is usually limited to millimeters or fractions of an inch. When a building’s foundation settles quickly, it can cause damage to the building.
Introduction:
Glass, ever since it was first crafted around 500 BC, has fascinated humans. Glass has come a long way since it was once believed to have magical abilities. It’s been around for quite some time and is still used because of how adaptable and long-lasting it is. With the advent of modern architecture at the turn of the 20th century, cities became urban factories where concrete, glass, and steel were mass-produced. This philosophy was useful in meeting the demand for homes among the expanding middle class. Buildings made of glass and steel have come to represent progress in many countries because of the positive connotations that its inhabitants associate with wealth and luxury.
What is Glass?
Glass is the oldest and the most elegant material used in construction and other fields. In most cases, glass is used because it improves the aesthetic value of the building. Ever since it was first discovered, people have found glass to be an intriguing substance. Glass is a tough, see-through substance. Glass is made by heating inorganic materials like quartz or sand. When creating a striking visual effect and a novel interior layout, Glass is the material of choice for many architects. When it comes to building materials, glass is unparalleled in its adaptability.
What is a Roof Vent?
A roof vent, which is brief for roof ventilation, is a system that allows for enough airflow in the attic. These are an essential part of the roofing system. Its major purpose is to prevent the roof from overheating in the summer and moisture buildup in the winter. Regarding health concerns and structural damage, improper roof vent installation can be very costly. Ice dams, mold, and an astronomically high power bill are some of the repercussions of improper roof vent installation.
How Does Roof Ventilation Work?
Proper attic roof ventilation is necessary to avoid condensation in your attic due to overheating. An attic or roof space needs to be aired, and the two most popular methods are:
Introduction
Portland cement can be replaced or supplemented with finely divided materials known as “alternative cementitious materials.” Concrete’s technical properties and/or cost are improved and decreased due to their utilization. Fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag, condensed silica fume, limestone dust, cement kiln dust, and natural or manufactured pozzolans are a few examples of these materials. The cement industry is boosting the manufacturing of blended portland cement using industrial by-products, including blast-furnace slags and coal combustion fly ashes, to reduce CO2 emissions. Even though burning fossil fuels is responsible for most CO2 emissions, this only accounts for 50% of the cement industry. The other 50% cannot be eliminated by improving efficiency or switching to alternative energy sources because it is inherent in the chemical reaction that yields calcium carbonate (CaCO3), the main ingredient in cement. Because of this, no cement can be made without releasing carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. As a result, efforts to decarbonize cement manufacturing focus on capturing CO2 rather than reducing the quantity of CO2 in concrete mixtures. However, the high-quality byproducts are few, which calls for an alternative.