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INTRODUCTION
For earthwork in excavation, foundation which are symmetrical, brickwork in superstructure and plinth and concrete in foundation, two methods are there for estimation. These are-
1. Separate or Individual wall method and
2. Centre Line Method.
With these methods the lengths and widths of various items are mainly found out which helps in calculations.
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CIVIL ENGINEERING ABBREVIATION:
The common abbreviation used in civil engineering are as follows:
A.A.S.H.T.O – American Association of State Highway Transport
A.B – Anchor Bolt Or Asbestos Board
A.C.I – American concrete institute.
A.R.E.A – American Railway Engineering Association.
A.S.C – Allowable stress of concrete.
A.S.T.M – American Society for Testing Materials
AC – Asphalt Concrete
AE – Assistant Engineer
APM – Assistant Project Manager
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By
Sourav Dutta
Manager-Civil
We generally designate stirrups by its external dimensions. For example, a 250mm x 300mm stirrup has the 250mm and 300mm dimensions in perpendicular directions as shown in Fig 1.
Now a stirrup has 2 bends, types of which are shown in Fig 1 and Fig 4. Guideline of minimum bend length is as per Cl.3.8 of BIS2502 (shown in Fig 3).
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By
Er. Vaishnav C R Nair
Introduction
The slabs are made depressed in depth form the general floor level in wet area like toilets, balconies, wash area in kitchen etc. This is to ensure the wet and dry area separations in buildings. Even though the sunken slabs provided the toilet and balcony areas are found with a major quality problem of Dampness. This is due to the continues contact of water with building blocks. Here comes the importance of Kerb Construction.
By
Sourav Dutta
Manager-Civil
Brand embossing
On rebar pieces, different items are encrypted in the following manner:
Here, X = Dia of rebar in mm, eg, 20
ABCD = Brand of rebar, eg, TATA TISCON / SAIL / JSPL etc
Y = Yield stress of rebar, eg, 500 indicates Fe500 with yield stress=500 Mpa
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By
Sourav Dutta
Manager-Civil
Design and construction:
The design and construction of formwork should take account of safety and of the surface finish required. The formwork should be sufficiently rigid and tight to prevent loss of grout or mortar from the fresh concrete, during its placing and construction.
Formwork and its supports should maintain their correct position and be to correct shape and profile so that the final concrete structure is within the limits of the dimensional tolerances specified. They should be designed to withstand the worst combination of self-weight, reinforcement weight, wet concrete weight, concrete pressure, and construction and wind loads, together with all incidental dynamic effects caused by placing, vibrating and compacting the concrete.
By
Sourav Dutta
Manager-Civil
Common Hazards/issues normally countered at all construction sites:
Human error in rebar fabrication (manual).
Fig 1 : Incorrect bend
Compromise with safety and quality.
Fig 2 : Safety and Quality issues upon using rebar cutter
Procurement schedule delays affecting site progress, and thereby delaying project completion.
Inventory management. Capital locked in inventory.
Fig 3 : Lack of space at site affects storage/procurement
Rebar pilferage.
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By
Sourav Dutta
Manager-Civil
The first version of BIS 1786 came out in 1985 when in Cl.5.1, the code suggested the nominal sizes as shown below:
Fig 1 (s) : BIS1786-1985 and the relevant clause
The next version of the code BIS 1786 was introduced in 2008, where nominal sizes were rationalized and nominal sizes 7 mm, 18 mm, 22 mm, 45 mm and 50 mm had been removed. In Cl. 6.1, the code had suggested the nominal sizes as shown below:
By
Shubham Sunil Malu
ABSTRACT:
Concrete is a basic building material that will continue to be in demand far into the future. A world without concrete, and its dominant precursor, Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), is hard to imagine. Although there are different types of concrete that have been developed for use in different applications, their common virtues are familiarity, versatility, strength, durability, wide availability, fire resistance, resistance to the elements and comparatively low cost.Cement industry is growing at a rapid pace in India and over the globe. Many new brands are available in the market but selection of good cement is very important for an engineer. Many a time construction project fails due to poor quality of cement.
This paper will show you what are the factors affecting the selection of cement and cement strength classification. Also, the quality control of cement and need of consistency of quality in cement. Thus the project, can be secured to extent with the selection of proper quality of cement.
By
Sourav Dutta
Manager-Civil
It is very clear that metro cities like Mumbai, Kolkata, Delhi and Bengaluru are having increasing development, with tier-II cities also coming up in competition, leading to large land/plot size unavailability. Accommodating increasing population will require the FSI (Floor-space index) / FAR (Floor-area ratio) to be higher.
Fig 1 : High-Rise Canvas over the world now-a-days
