Posts by Kanwarjot Singh

Low Cost Housing is a new concept which deals with effective budgeting and following of techniques which help in reducing the cost construction through the use of locally available materials along with improved skills and technology without sacrificing the strength, performance and life of the structure.There is huge misconception that low cost housing is suitable for only sub standard works and they are constructed by utilizing cheap building materials of low quality.The fact is that Low cost housing is done by proper management of resources.Economy is also achieved by postponing finishing works or implementing them in phases.

Building Cost
The building construction cost can be divided into two parts namely:
Building material cost : 65 to 70 %
Labour cost : 65 to 70 %
Now in low cost housing, building material cost is less because we make use of the locally available materials and also the labour cost can be reduced by properly making the time schedule of our work. Cost of reduction is achieved by selection of more efficient material or by an improved design.

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Filler materials are gaining widespread popularity and becoming very important because they help in increasing some of the mix properties and also lower the usage of binder which is usually more expensive
Here is the table showing some common filler materials along with binders

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This is  presentation on STRENGTHENING AND WIDENING OF EXISTING 2-LANE ROAD TO 4-LANE DUAL CARRIAGEWAY.

This project was undertaken by Er. Nikhil Aggarwal and we are thankful to him for contributing this to our site.

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September 11, 1916. Quebec Bridge (Canada)
This is not the first destruction of the bridge. The first time tragedy occurred in 1907.

About first collapse of the bridge – The bridge was nearing completion, when the local engineering began noticing increasing distortions of key structural members already in place. After four years of construction, the south arm and part of the central section of the bridge collapsed into the St. Lawrence River in just 15 seconds. Of the 86 workers on the bridge that day near quitting time, 75 were killed and the rest were injured.

About second collapse of the bridge – After a Royal Commission of Inquiry into the collapse, construction started on a second bridge, but September 11, 1916, when the central span was being raised into position, it fell into the river, killing 13 workers.

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The bulldozer is a very powerful crawler that is equipped with a blade. The term bulldozer is often used to mean any type of heavy machinery, although the term actually refers to a tractor that is fitted with a dozer blade. Often times, bulldozers are large and extremely powerful tracked vehicles. The tracks give them amazing ground mobility and hold through very rough terrain. Wide tracks on the other hand, help to distribute the weight of the dozer over large areas, therefore preventing it from sinking into sandy or muddy ground.

Bulldozers have great ground hold and a torque divider that’s designed to convert the power of the engine into dragging ability, which allows it to use its own weight to push heavy objects and even remove things from the ground. Take the Caterpillar D9 for example, it can easily tow tanks that weight more than 70 tons. Due to these attributes,bulldozers are used to clear obstacles, shrubbery and remains of structures and buildings.

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It’s one mile long and 670 feel tall.

– It will have 12 lanes for traffic.

– It will cost $817 million dollars.

– The design has been approved by Sheik Mohammed.

– The bridge will carry more than 2,000 vehicles per hour in each direction.

– A metro line will run across the middle.

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Here is the project report of a civil engineering student who has spent 6 months on a training site.Due to security reasons,the project details, estimation, some portion of design and quantity calculations have been omitted.But to help the civil engineering students we had shown all the necessary works..

Sequence of Structure Work

1) Site Clearance

2) Demarcation of Site

3) Positioning of Central coordinate ie (0,0,0) as per grid plan

4) Surveying and layout

5) Excavation

6) Laying of PCC

7) Bar Binding and placement of foundation steel

8 ) Shuttering and Scaffolding

9) Concreting

10) Electrical and Plumbing

11) Deshuttering

12) Brickwork

13) Doors and windows frames along with lintels

14) Wiring for electrical purposes

15) Plastering

16) Flooring and tiling work

17) Painting

18) Final Completion and handing over the project

Construction Process And Materials Used

Site Clearance– The very first step is site clearance which involves removal of grass and vegetation along with any other objections which might be there in the site location.

Demarcation of Site– The whole area on which construction is to be done is marked so as to identify the construction zone. In our project, a plot of 450*350 sq ft was chosen and the respective marking was done.

Positioning of Central coordinate and layout– The centre point was marked with the help of a thread and plumb bob as per the grid drawing. With respect to this center point, all the other points of columns were to be decided so its exact position is very critical.

Excavation

Excavation was carried out both manually as well as mechanically. Normally 1-2 earth excavators (JCB’s) were used for excavating the soil. Adequate precautions are taken to see that the excavation operations do not damage the adjoining structures. Excavation is carried out providing adequate side slopes and dressing of excavation bottom. The soil present beneath the surface was too clayey so it was dumped and was not used for back filling. The filling is done in layer not exceeding 20 cm layer and than its compacted. Depth of excavation was 5’4” from Ground Level.

PCC – Plain Cement Concrete

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This Presentation was submitted to us by Er. Vikas Kumar who had undergone his training for 6 months at Arch Consultancy and it deals with the bridge design and design of other components related with the design of a bridge.

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Also referred to as a loader backhoe, the backhoe loader is an engineering and excavation vehicle that consists of a tractor, front shovel and bucket and a small backhoe in the rear end. Due to the small size and versatility, backhoe loaders are common with small construction projects and excavation type work.Originally invented in Burlington Iowa back in 1857, the backhoe loader is the most common variation of the classic farm tractor.As the name implies, it has a loader assembly on the front and a backhoe attachment on the back.

Anytime the loader and backhoe are attached it is never referred to as a tractor, as it is not normally used for towing and doesn’t normally have a PTO.When the backhoe is permanently attached, the machine will normally have a seat that can swivel to the rear to face the backhoe controls.Any type of removable backhoe attachments will normally have a seperate seat on the attachment itself.Backhoe loaders are common and can be used for many tasks, which include construction, light transportation of materials, powering building equipment, digging holes and excavating, breaking asphalt, and even paving roads.You can often replace the backhoe bucket with other tools such as a breaker for breaking and smashing concrete and rock. There are some loader buckets that offer a retractable bottom, which enable it to empty the load more quickly and efficiently.

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This is a presentation by Gobind Khurana on the topic – Construction and Design of a Multistorey Complex. This project was undertaken by DLF group and is being constructed in Jalandhar.This report contains the data related to construction and include the details of work done by him

We are thankful to Mr. Gobind Khurna for his contribution to this site.

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