Bending and axial tension
Members subjected to combined bending and axial tension should be proportioned to satisfy the interaction equations
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Roof slope to prevent ponding
Roof beams should have a continuous upward slope equivalent to 1/ 4 in/ft (20.8 mm/m) between a drain and the high point of a roof, in addition to minimum recommended camber to avoid ponding. Continue Reading »
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Fasteners for wood
Nails and Spikes
The allowable withdrawal load per inch (25.4 mm) of penetration of a common nail or spike driven into side grain
(perpendicular to fibers) of seasoned wood, or unseasoned wood that remains wet, is
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Size and Volume Factors
For visually graded dimension lumber, design values Fb, Ft, and Fc for all species and species combinations, except southern pine, should be multiplied by the appropriate size factor Cf, given in reference data to account for the effects of member size. This factor and the factors used to develop size-specific values for southern pine are based on the adjustment equation given in American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D1990. This equation, based on in- grade test data, accounts for differences in Fb, Ft, and Fc related to width and in Fb, Ft, related to length (test span). For visually graded timbers [5*5 in (127*127 mm) or larger], when the depth d of a stringer beam, post, or timber exceeds 12 in (304.8 mm), the design value for bending should be adjusted by the size factor
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Radial Stresses and Curvature Factor
The radial stress induced by a bending moment in a member of constant cross section may be computed from
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