Members subjected to combined bending and axial tension should be proportioned to satisfy the interaction equations

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Roof beams should have a continuous upward slope equivalent to 1/ 4 in/ft (20.8 mm/m) between a drain and the high point of a roof, in addition to minimum recommended camber to avoid ponding. Read the rest of this entry »

Nails and Spikes
The allowable withdrawal load per inch (25.4 mm) of penetration of a common nail or spike driven into side grain
(perpendicular to fibers) of seasoned wood, or unseasoned wood that remains wet, is

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For visually graded dimension lumber, design values F_b, F_t, and F_c for all species and species combinations, except southern pine, should be multiplied by the appropriate size factor C_f, given in reference data to account for the effects of member size. This factor and the factors used to develop size-specific values for southern pine are based on the adjustment equation given in American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D1990. This equation, based on in- grade test data, accounts for differences in F_b, F_t, and F_c related to width and in F_b, F_t, related to length (test span). For visually graded timbers [5*5 in (127*127 mm) or larger], when the depth d of a stringer beam, post, or timber exceeds 12 in (304.8 mm), the design value for bending should be adjusted by the size factor

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The radial stress induced by a bending moment in a member of constant cross section may be computed from

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