Piles Engineering

For high-rise buildings constructed on steep cut slopes, these buildings are usually supported by large diameter piles. Though the piles are founded at some depth below the slopes, lateral load arising from wind on buildings may induce loads on the slop and causes slope failures. For shallow depths of slope which is marginally stable, it is more vulnerable to slope failure.
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In shaft grouting operation, tube-a-manchette pipes are fixed at regular spacing to the reinforcement cage. After concreting barrettes/bored piles, a small volume of water is injected under high pressure into these pipes to crack the concrete.
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Down the hole hammer has been used extensively to form pre-bored holes as rock sockets for mini piles and pre-bored H piles. The hammer functions by driving repeatedly a drill bit using compressed air on the rock. However, the use of down the hole hammer is normally limited to hole diameter of 600mm.
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Reversed Circulation Drill (RCD) is normally used for forming large diameter rock socket. The method involves the exertion of a download force of roller cutter bits on rock, together with the action of rotation and grinding of bits on rock. The cuttings are then removed by reverse circulation. The water and cuttings are airlifted through a central drill pipe, which is also used for rotating the drill bits.
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For unstable grout, particles will come out of the grout suspension leading to incomplete grouting and clogging of pipes. The stability of grout can be improved by adding additives such as bentonite. However, bentonite should not be used with very fine cements because its grain size is bigger than that of fine cements. Tests conducted previously confirm that a grout with bentonite is less stable under pressure.
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