Sourav Dutta

By
Sourav Dutta
Manager-Civil

The first version of BIS 1786 came out in 1985 where in Cl.1.1, the code had put the detailed physical and chemical properties, testing procedures of following strength grades of HYSD (High Yield Strength Deformed) bars/wires as shown below:

Fig 1 (s) : BIS1786-1985 and the relevant clause

The next version of the code BIS 1786 was introduced in 2008, where new strength grade Fe600 had been introduced. Also, two categories based on elongation for each grade except Fe600 had also been introduced. Thus in Cl.1.1, the code had put the detailed physical and chemical properties, testing procedures of following strength grades of HYSD (High Yield Strength Deformed) bars/wires as shown below:

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By
Sourav Dutta
Manager-Civil

It is very clear that metro cities like Mumbai, Kolkata, Delhi and Bengaluru are having increasing development, with tier-II cities also coming up in competition, leading to large land/plot size unavailability. Accommodating increasing population will require the FSI (Floor-space index) / FAR (Floor-area ratio) to be higher.

Fig 1 : High-Rise Canvas over the world now-a-days

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By
Sourav Dutta
Manager-Civil

There are a number of ways in which the superstructure can be built. In areas where average to good quality bricks are available, the walls of houses for two to three storeyed constructions can be built out of bricks with the slabs, lintels, chajja etc. in reinforced concrete. Such construction is supported entirely on load bearing brick walls (Fig 1), foundation of which ultimately transfers the building load to underneath soil.

Fig 1: Load Bearing Construction on brick

Fig 2: RCC framed construction

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By
Sourav Dutta
Manager-Civil

What is Foundation?

Any structure can be divided into 2 parts:
1. Superstructure: Part of structure above Ground level (GL)
2. Substructure/ Foundation: Part of structure below GL

Components of foundation:
Typically there are 3 components of foundation: (i) Footing, (ii) Column, (iii) Tie beam (refer to picture below)

What is a footing?
Footing is that part of substructure that ultimately transfers the load (dead/live/wind/seismic) to the supporting soil in such a way that the safe load bearing capacity of soil is not exceeded (refer to table 1 for estimation of the safe load bearing capacity of the soil). Footing is a structure constructed in brick work masonry or RCC (refer to figure 1) under the base of a wall or RCC column for distributing the load over a large area.

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By
Sourav Dutta
Manager-Civil

What is slab?
A RCC (Reinforced Cement Concrete) slab is the most common structural element of any type of building. Horizontal slabs, typically between 4 and 20 inches (100 and 500 millimeters) thick, are most often used to construct floors and ceilings.Here discussion on “flat slab” has not been considered.

Typical loads to be considered for slab design
(i) Dead load: Any permanent load acting on the slab e.g. self-weight of slab, weight of floor finish & plaster

(ii) Live Load: Any non-permanent or moving load e.g. weight of occupants, furniture, and partitionon the slab

(iii) Snow load (if any)

Note: Earthquake and Wind loads are not considered in the design of slabs.

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