ADJUSTMENT FACTORS FOR DESIGN VALUES

Design values obtained by the methods described earlier should be multiplied by adjustment factors based on conditions of use, geometry, and stability. The adjustments are cumulative, unless specifically indicated in the following:
The adjusted design value F_b‘ for extreme-fiber bending is given by
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Consider that a timber member sustains a compressive force with an action line that makes an oblique angle with the grain.
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RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE
FOREST PRODUCTS LABORATORY

The Wood Handbook gives advice on the design of solid wood columns. (Wood Handbook, USDA Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisc, 1999.)
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Members under combined bending and axial load should be so proportioned that the quantity

P_a/P +M_a /M < 1
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The allowable unit stress on timber columns consisting of a single piece of lumber or a group of pieces glued together to form a single member is

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