This procedure I came across in one of the site.Just for info to Beginners. This test is called WINSOR probe test.

When the concrete is done and its up and you want to know the strength of concrete with minimum damage,this is the one of the test.

Engineer will select the location.In this case its in column.

They use this tool to drive the bolt type into the concrete. Then use a tool to measure the up stand length,from that you can get the penetration depth.Through the depth of penetration the concrete strength is being calculate.

This is on slab.
Take 3 points and take average depth to get the strength.

This test is done to determine the in-situ dry density of soil by sand replacement method as per IS: 2720 (Part XXVIII) – 1974. The apparatus needed is
i) Sand-pouring cylinder conforming to IS: 2720 (Part XXVIII) -1974
ii) Cylindrical calibrating container conforming to IS: 2720 (Part XXVIII) – 1974
iii) Soil cutting and excavating tools such as a scraper tool, bent spoon
iv) Glass plate – 450mm square and 9mm thick or larger
v) Metal containers to collect excavated soil
vi) Metal tray – 300mm square and 40mm deep with a 100mm hole in the centre
vii) Balance, with an accuracy of 1g

Procedure To Determine The In-Situ Dry Density Of Soil By Sand Replacement Method
A. Calibration of apparatus
a) The method given below should be followed for the determination of the weight of sand in the cone of the pouring cylinder:
i) The pouring cylinder should be filled so that the level of the sand in the cylinder is within about 10mm of the top. Its total initial weight (W₁) should be maintained constant throughout the tests for which the calibration is used. A volume of sand equivalent to that of the excavated hole in the soil (or equal to that of the calibrating container) should be allowed to runout of the cylinder under gravity. The shutter of the pouring cylinder should then be closed and the cylinder placed on a plain surface, such as a glass plate.

ii) The shutter of the pouring cylinder should be opened and sand allowed to runout. When no further movement of sand takes place in the cylinder, the shutter should be closed and the cylinder removed carefully.

iii) The sand that had filled the cone of the pouring cylinder (that is, the sand that is left on the plain surface) should be collected and weighed to the nearest gram.

iv) These measurements should be repeated at least thrice and the mean weight (W₂) taken.
b) The method described below should be followed for the determination of the bulk density of the sand ( Ys ):

i) The internal volume (V) in ml of the calibrating container should be determined from the weight of water contained in the container when filled to the brim. The volume may also be calculated from the measured internal dimensions of the container.

ii) The pouring cylinder should be placed concentrically on the top of the calibrating container after being filled to the constant weight (W₁). The shutter of the pouring cylinder should be closed during the operation. The shutter should be opened and sand allowed to runout. When no further movement of sand takes place in the cylinder, the shutter should be closed. The pouring cylinder should be removed and weighed to the nearest gram.

iii) These measurements should be repeated at least thrice and the mean weight (W₃) taken.

B. Measurement of soil density
The following method should be followed for the measurement of soil density:
i) A flat area, approximately 450sq.mm of the soil to be tested should be exposed and trimmed down to a level surface, preferably with the aid of the scraper tool.

ii) The metal tray with a central hole should be laid on the prepared surface of the soil with the hole over the portion of the soil to be tested. The hole in the soil should then be excavated using the hole in the tray as a pattern, to the depth of the layer to be tested upto a maximum of 150mm. The excavated soil should be carefully collected, leaving no loose material in the hole and weighed to the nearest gram(W_w). The metal tray should be removed before the pouring cylinder is placed in position over the excavated hole.

iii) The water content (w) of the excavated soil should be determined as discussed in earlier posts. Alternatively, the whole of the excavated soil should be dried and weighed (W_d).

iv) The pouring cylinder, filled to the constant weight (W₁) should be so placed that the base of the cylinder covers the hole concentrically. The shutter should then be opened and sand allowed to runout into the hole.The pouring cylinder and the surrounding area should not be vibrated during this period. When no further movement of sand takes place, the shutter should be closed. The cylinder should be removed and weighed to the nearest gram (W₄).

CALCULATIONS

REPORTING OF RESULTS
The following values should be reported:
i) dry density of soil in kg/m3 to the nearest whole number; also to be calculated and reported in g/cc correct to the second place of decimal
ii) water content of the soil in percent reported to two significant figures.
A sample proforma for the record of the test results is given below.

This test is done to determine the in-situ dry density of soil by core cutter method as per IS: 2720 (Part XXIX) – 1975.The apparatus needed for this test is

i) Cylindrical core cutter
ii) Steel dolley
iii) Steel rammer
iv) Balance, with an accuracy of 1g
v) Straightedge
vi) Square metal tray – 300mm x 300mm x 40mm
vii) Trowel

Procedure Determine The In-Situ Dry Density Of Soil By Core Cutter Method
i) The internal volume (V) of the core cutter in cc should be calculated from its dimensions which should be measured to the nearest 0.25mm.

ii) The core cutter should be weighed to the nearest gram (W₁).

iii) A small area, approximately 30cm square of the soil layer to be tested should be exposed and levelled. The steel dolly should be placed on top of the cutter and the latter should be rammed down vertically into the soil layer until only about 15mm of the dolly protrudes above the surface, care being taken not to rock the cutter. The cutter should then be dug out of the surrounding soil, care being taken to allow some soil to project from the lower end of the cutter. The ends of the soil core should then be trimmed flat in level with the ends of the cutter by means of the straightedge.

iv) The cutter containing the soil core should be weighed to the nearest gram (W₂).

v) The soil core should be removed from the cutter and a representative sample should be placed in an air-tight container and its water content (w)

REPORTING OF RESULTS
Bulk density of the soil g cc Y = [W₂ - W₁]/ V g/cc
Dry density of the soil g cc Yd = 100Y/[100+w] g/cc

Average of at least three determinations should be reported to the second place of decimal in g/cc.
A sample proforma for the record of the test results is given below

This test is done to determine the maximum dry density and the optimum moisture content of soil using heavy compaction as per IS: 2720 (Part 8 ) – 1983.The apparatus used is

i) Cylindrical metal mould – it should be either of 100mm dia. and 1000cc volume or 150mm dia. and 2250cc volume and should conform to IS: 10074 – 1982.
ii) Balances – one of 10kg capacity, sensitive to 1g and the other of 200g capacity, sensitive to 0.01g
iii) Oven – thermostatically controlled with an interior of noncorroding material to maintain temperature between 105 and 110^oC
iv) Steel straightedge – 30cm long
v) IS Sieves of sizes – 4.75mm, 19mm and 37.5mm

PREPARATION OF SAMPLE
A representative portion of air-dried soil material, large enough to provide about 6kg of material passing through a 19mm IS Sieve (for soils not susceptible to crushing during compaction) or about 15kg of material passing through a 19mm IS Sieve (for soils susceptible to crushing during compaction), should be taken. This portion should be sieved through a 19mm IS Sieve and the coarse fraction rejected after its proportion of the total sample has been recorded. Aggregations of particles should be broken down so that if the sample was sieved through a 4.75mm IS Sieve, only separated individual particles would be retained.

Procedure To Determine The Maximum Dry Density And The Optimum Moisture Content Of Soil
A) Soil not susceptible to crushing during compaction –
i) A 5kg sample of air-dried soil passing through the 19mm IS Sieve should be taken. The sample should be mixed thoroughly with a suitable amount of water depending on the soil type (for sandy and gravelly soil – 3 to 5% and for cohesive soil – 12 to 16% below the plastic limit). The soil sample should be stored in a sealed container for a minimum period of 16hrs.

ii) The mould of 1000cc capacity with base plate attached, should be weighed to the nearest 1g (W₁ ). The mould should be placed on a solid base, such as a concrete floor or plinth and the moist soil should be compacted into the mould, with the extension attached, in five layers of approximately equal mass, each layer being given 25 blows from the 4.9kg rammer dropped from a height of 450mm above the soil. The blows should be distributed uniformly over the surface of each layer. The amount of soil used should be sufficient to fill the mould, leaving not more than about 6mm to be struck off when the extension is removed. The extension should be removed and the compacted soil should be levelled off carefully to the top of the mould by means of the straight edge. The mould and soil should then be weighed to the nearest gram (W₂).

iii) The compacted soil specimen should be removed from the mould and placed onto the mixing tray. The water content (w) of a representative sample of the specimen should be determined.

iv) The remaining soil specimen should be broken up, rubbed through 19mm IS Sieve and then mixed with the remaining original sample. Suitable increments of water should be added successively and mixed into the sample, and the above operations i.e. ii) to iv) should be repeated for each increment of water added. The total number of determinations made should be at least five and the moisture contents should be such that the optimum moisture content at which the maximum dry density occurs,
lies within that range.

B) Soil susceptible to crushing during compaction –
Five or more 2.5kg samples of air-dried soil passing through the 19mm IS Sieve, should be taken. The samples should each be mixed thoroughly with different amounts of water and stored in a sealed container as mentioned in Part A)

C) Compaction in large size mould –
For compacting soil containing coarse material upto 37.5mm size, the 2250cc mould should be used. A sample weighing about 30kg and passing through the 37.5mm IS Sieve is used for the test. Soil is compacted in five layers, each layer being given 55 blows of the 4.9kg rammer. The rest of the procedure is same as above.

REPORTING OF RESULTS
Bulk density Y(gamma) in g/cc of each compacted specimen should be
calculated from the equation,
Y(gamma) = (W₂-W₁)/ V
where, V = volume in cc of the mould.

The dry density Yd in g/cc
Yd = 100Y/(100+w)

The dry densities, Yd obtained in a series of determinations should be plotted against the corresponding moisture contents,w. A smooth curve should be drawn through the resulting points and the position of the maximum on the curve should be determined. A sample graph is shown below:

The dry density in g/cc corresponding to the maximum point on the moisture content/dry density curve should be reported as the maximum dry density to the nearest 0.01. The percentage moisture content corresponding to the maximum dry density on the moisture content/dry density curve should be reported as the optimum moisture content and quoted to the nearest 0.2 for values below 5 percent, to the nearest 0.5 for values from 5 to 10 percent and to the nearest whole number for values exceeding 10 percent.

The relative density of water is shown in the table below.Also refer to the relative density of soil for more inforamtion on civil engineering tests.

The density varies with temperature and we take the value equal to 1 at a standard temperature of 4^oC. The value of density of water changes as the temperature increases and this can be taken directly from the table in various tests like

The Specific Gravity Of Soil Test and so on.