Other than static liquefaction, slow-moving slips driven by transient pore water pressure leading to high speed landslide are the other possible cause of failure of loose fill slopes.

For loose fill lying on low permeability soil layers, there is potential storage of infiltrating water when the slope of underlying low-permeability soil layer is mild. As such, there is a localized zone of high transient pore water pressure induced within the fill material. Flowslides normally start with a local slip caused by transient pore water pressure by soil layering or flow restriction. Then, the nature of slow-moving soil debris and the geometry of slip result in a fast landslide.

This question is taken from book named – A Self Learning Manual – Mastering Different Fields of Civil Engineering Works (VC-Q-A-Method) by Vincent T. H. CHU.

In rainstorm, the runoff from rainfall infiltrate into the top layer of fill slopes. It may result in saturation of this layer of fills leading to the decrease in soil suction. Consequently shallow slope failure may occur.

If the fill slope is in a loose state, the soils would tend to decrease in volume during deformation. As a result this induces a rise in pore-water pressure which triggers slope failure in form of mud-avalanche.

If the fill slope is in a dense state, the soils would tend in increase in volume during deformation and it only fails like a mud slump.

This question is taken from book named – A Self Learning Manual – Mastering Different Fields of Civil Engineering Works (VC-Q-A-Method) by Vincent T. H. CHU.

Janbu’s method and Morgenstern-Price method are non-circular analytical method and they are frequently used for soil slopes while Bishop’s method is circular analytical method. Bishop’s Simplified method and Janbu’s Simplified method assume that the inter-slice forces are horizontal and inter-slice shear forces are neglected.

This question is taken from book named – A Self Learning Manual – Mastering Different Fields of Civil Engineering Works (VC-Q-A-Method) by Vincent T. H. CHU.

With the use of rockfill to build embankment, it is not a concern regarding the build-up of pore water pressure during construction so that the embankment can be filled at the faster rate. Moreover, the use of rockfill
allows a steeper angle in forming road embankment when compared with earthfill so that it results in a small amount of fill. As such, it helps save the cost of construction.

This question is taken from book named – A Self Learning Manual – Mastering Different Fields of Civil Engineering Works (VC-Q-A-Method) by Vincent T. H. CHU.

Hot applied thermoplastic road marking appears to be more commonly used than cold applied road paint as road marking materials. For hot applied thermoplastic road marking, it allows the addition of solid glass head which enhances reflectorisation effect. This essentially makes great improvement on the visibility of road markings at night time. Moreover, from past experience the durability of thermoplastic road marking is higher than that of road paint.

This question is taken from book named – A Self Learning Manual – Mastering Different Fields of Civil Engineering Works (VC-Q-A-Method) by Vincent T. H. CHU.