Soil Compaction Tests
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There are many types of Soil compaction tests which are performed on soil. Some of these are :-
1) The Sand Cone Method
One of the most common test to determine the field density of soil is the sand-cone method. But it has a major limitation that this test is not suitable for saturated and soft soils
The formula used are
Volume of soil, ft3 (m3)=[weight of sand filling hole, lb (kg)] /[ Density of sand, lb/ft3 (kg/m3)]
% Moisture = 100(weight of moist soil – weight of dry soil)/weight of dry soil
Field density, lb/ft3 (kg /m3)=weight of soil, lb (kg)/volume of soil, ft3 (m3)
Dry density=field density/(1 + % moisture/100)
% Compaction=100 (dry density)/max dry density
Maximum density is found by plotting a density–moisture curve.
2) California Bearing Ratio
The California bearing ratio (CBR) is used as a determine the quality of strength of a soil under a pavement. It also measures the thickness of the pavement, its base, and other layers.
CBR = F/Fo
where
F = force per unit area required to penetrate a soil mass with a 3-in2 (1935.6-mm2 ) circular piston (about 2 in (50.8 mm) in diameter) at the rate of 0.05 in/min (1.27 mm/min)
F0 = force per unit area required for corresponding penetration of a standard material.
3) Soil Permeability
Darcy’s law is applicable in determining the soil permeability. Darcy law states that
V = kiA
where
V = rate of flow, cm3 /s,
A = cross-sectional area of soil conveying flow, cm2
k = Coefficient of permeability which depends on grain-size distribution, void ratio and soil fabric. The value varies from 10 cm/s for gravel to less than 10–7 for clays.
EXCELLENT INFORMATION
iam civil engineer .
for soil compaction test what are the paramere required.espeasially for road project.please let me know
y?u dont have any book to read ?
The Atterberg limits are a basic measure of the nature of a fine-grained soil. Depending on the water content of the soil, it may appear in four states: solid, semi-solid, plastic and liquid. In each state the consistency and behavior of a soil is different and thus so are its engineering properties. Thus, the boundary between each state can be defined based on a change in the soil’s behavior. The Atterberg limits can be used to distinguish between silt and clay, and it can distinguish between different types of silts and clays.
for soil compaction test what are the paramere required.espeasially for road project.please let me know
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please let me know.