In pipe jacking, can engineers roughly estimate the order of stress concentration in pipe joints?

Theoretical line and level of pipelines can hardly be achieved in pipe jacking. As such, the provision of angular deflection is made at pipe joints to accommodate such deviation. Normally, maximum allowable angular deflection at pipe joints in pipe jacking is 0.5^o.

As a rule of thumb, the stress concentration at a pipe joint is about 3 times the joint stress resulting from uniform distribution of stress. As such, for grade 50MPa precast concrete pipe, the allowable uniform joint stress is expected to be one-third of its compressive strength, i.e. 16.67MPa.

This question is taken from book named – A Self Learning Manual – Mastering Different Fields of Civil Engineering Works (VC-Q-A-Method) by Vincent T. H. CHU.