Flow velocity at outlets is usually high. Without proper control of this energy, the subsequent bank erosion may result in failure of the banks. Therefore, some energy dissipating structures are designed to cope with this problem.
Impact energy dissipaters may be provided at outlets by making use of impact walls to dissipate energy. Alternatively, the flows at outlet are dispersed artificially to achieve a significant loss of energy. However, the problem of cavitation may occur in this type of energy dissipating structures.
This question is taken from book named – A Self Learning Manual – Mastering Different Fields of Civil Engineering Works (VC-Q-A-Method) by Vincent T. H. CHU.
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